一维-Burgers方程的解法.pdfVIP

Topic 7 Fluid Dynamics Lecture 2 One Dimensional Burgers’ Equation J.M. Burgers, Adv. Appl. Mech. 1, 171 (1948), introduced the equation 2 ∂u ∂u ∂ u ∂t + u ∂x = ν ∂x2 , as a simple model of shock propagation. This is basically a Navier-Stokes equation in one dimension without a pressure term. The convective term on the left is nonlinear. The diffusive term on the right represents the effects of viscosity. The development of a shock can be seen by letting the kinematic vicosity ν = 0. This gives the inviscid Burgers’ equation ∂u ∂u + u = 0 . ∂t ∂x Compare this with the linear equation ∂u ∂u + c = 0 , ∂t ∂x where c is a constant. The linear equation has the solution u(x, t) = f (x − ct) , where f is any differentiable function. This solution represents a wave form with shape f (x) moving to the right with constant speed c. Now, in the inviscid Burgers’ equation, the “speed” c = u, i.e., the instantaneous speed of the wave form is proportional to its amplitude u. This implies that a peak in the wave travels faster than a trough, which implies that the wave will tend to break. This is not allowed mathematically beacuse breaking implies that the solution u(x, t) becomes multiple valued. What actually happens is that a shock front develops: