内科学呼吸肺结核.pptxVIP

Pulmonary TuberculosisThe Second Affiliated Hospital of CQUMS Li Na DefinitionTuberculosis is a chronic bacterial infection caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis and characterized by the formation of granulomas in infected tissues and by cell-mediated hypersensitivity.A?contagious bacterial infection caused by M .tuberculosis (TB). The lungs are primarily involved, but the infection can spread to other organs. It is characterized by the development of granuloma in the infected tissues. The patients with TB often have the following symptoms: toxemia syptoms of tuberculosis(tidal fever, night sweating), cough, haemoptysis or blood streaked sputum EtiologyTubercle bacillus is a rod-shaped, slow-growing, gram-negative, aerobic bacterium. The cell wall has high mycolic acid content, which makes it hydrophobic, resistant to oral fluids. The M. tuberculosis complex (MTBC) includes four TB-causing mycobacteria: M. tuberculosis var. hominis 90%M. bovis, M. africanumM. microti. M. africanum is not widespread, but it is a significant cause of tuberculosis in parts of Africa. M. bovis was once a common cause of tuberculosis, but the introduction of pasteurized milk has largely eliminated this as a public health problem in developed countries. Because of the surface lipids, the tubercle bacillus cannot be decolorized with hydrochloric acid alcohol after staining. Heat and fuchsine are usually necessary to plish primary staining. Since MTB retains certain stains even after being treated with acidic solution, it is classified as an acid-fast bacillus (AFB). The most common acid-fast staining techniques are the Ziehl–Neelsen stain, which dyes AFBs a bright red that stands out clearly against a blue background. This is an acid fast stain of MTB. MTB can withstand dry state, cold, acid, alkali.MTB is sensitive to ultraviolet ray and can be killed in 2-7 hours under sun shine.The tubercle bacillus generate every 14 to 20 hours, which is an extremely slow rate compared with oth