新视野大学英语第三版读写教程1课后翻译(最全版)(20220126170951).pdfVIP

v1.0 可编辑可修改 Unit 1 苏格拉底是古希腊哲学家，被誉为现代西方哲学的奠基人。他是一个谜一般的人物，人 们主要通过后期的一些古典作家的叙述， 尤其是他最著名的学生柏拉图的作品去了解他。 苏格拉底以他对伦理学的贡献而闻名。他的教学法亦称为苏格拉底法，即通过提问和回 答来激发批判性思维以及阐述观点。该方法在各种讨论中仍被普遍使用。他还在认识论 和逻辑领域作出了重大而深远的贡献。他的思想和方法所带来的影响一直是后来的西方 哲学的坚实基础。苏格拉底是古代哲学史上最丰富多彩的人物。他在他那个时代已威名 远扬。虽然他未曾建立什么哲学体系，未曾设立什么学派，也未曾创立什么宗派，但他 的名字很快就变得家喻户晓了。 Socrates was a classical Greek philosopher who is credited with laying the fundamentals of modern Western philosophy. He is a mysterious figure known chiefly through the accounts of later classical writers, especially the writings of his most famous student Plato. Socrates has become well known for his contribution to the field of ethics. His method of teaching, known as the Socratic Method, by asking and answering questions to stimulate critical thinking and to explain ideas remains a commonly used tool in a wide range of discussions. He also made important and lasting contributions to the field of epistemology and logic, and the influence of his ideas and approach remains a strong foundation for Western philosophy that followed. Socrates was the most colorful figure in the history of ancient philosophy. His fame was widespread in his own time, and his name soon became a household word although he constructed no philosophical 1 v1.0 可编辑可修改 system, established no school, and founded no sect. 孔子是中国历史上著名的思想家、教育家，是儒家学派（ Confucianism ）的创始人，被 尊称为古代的圣人（ sage ）。他的言论和生平活动记录在《论语》 （The Analects ）一书 中。《论语》是中国古代文化的经典著作，对后来历代的思想家、文学家、政治家产生了 很大影响。不研究《论语》 ，就不能真正把握中国几千年的传统文化。孔子的很多思想， 尤其是其教育思想， 对中国社会产生了深远的影响。 在 21 世纪的今天， 孔子的学说不仅 受到中国人的重视，而且也越来越受到整个国际社会的重视。 Confucius was a great thinker and educa