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2
Quenching of Aluminum Alloys
˘
Ralph T. Shuey and Murat Tiryakioglu
CONTENTS
2.1 Introduction to Aluminum 44
2.1.1 Occurrence and Use 44
2.1.2 Strengthening Mechanisms 44
2.1.3 Alloy Designations 46
2.1.4 Heat-Treatable Compositions 48
2.2 Metallurgical Changes during Quench 49
2.2.1 Precipitate Phases 49
2.2.2 Precipitation Sites 50
2.2.3 Classical Nucleation Theory54
2.2.4 Temperature Dependence of Nucleation 55
2.2.5 Factors in Solute Loss 57
2.3 Quench Effect on Properties 57
2.3.1 Tempers 57
2.3.2 Measures of Solute Loss 58
2.3.3 Vacancy Loss 60
2.3.4 Boundary Precipitates 62
2.4 Testing Quench Sensitivity 64
2.4.1 Continuous Cooling 64
2.4.2 Interrupted Quench 66
2.4.3 Delayed Quench 69
2.5 Numerical Models 70
2.5.1 Evancho–Staley Process–Property Model 70
2.5.2 Process–Structure–Property Model 75
2.5.3 Data Fitting 76
2.5.4 Multiple C-Curves77
2.6 Technology Status 79
2.6.1 Recommendations on Use of Existing Technology 79
2.6.2 Thoughts for Future Development 80
References 80
The present authors have collaborated since 2000 on revitalizing and extending the tech-
nology for metallurgical aspects of quenching heat-treatable aluminum alloys, which had
been developed by Dr. James T. Staley, Sr. starting with Staley (1966) and continued until
his retirement from Alcoa three decades later. Our objective in this chapter is a concise
and current overview of what came before us and what we have added. For this we have
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