动词不定式的用法导学案.docxVIP

PAGE PAGE 1 Ⅰ. 时态语态：  一般式完成式进行式 动词不定式的用法导学案 主动形式 to do to have done to be doing  被动形式 to be done to have been done / 完成进行式 否定形式 疑问词＋不定 式 复合结构Ⅱ、不定式的时态意义 to have been doing not to do wh－ to do sb.to do/for sb.to do / not to be done wh－ to be done / 不定式的时态是以句中谓语动词的时间为依据的 （1）一般式表示的动作或状态 。 They made plans to live in Paris. 他们计划住在巴黎。（to live 发生在 made plans 之后） 进行式表示其动作正在进行， 。 He pretended to be listening to me carefully. 他假装认真地听我讲。 不定式的完成时表达下列意义： 不定式的完成式所表示的动作或状态 。 I am sorry to have kept you waiting. 对不起，让你久等了。 （to have kept 发生在 所表示的时间之前） She is said to have just completed a novel. 据说她刚完成一部小说。 （to have just completed a novel 发生在 所表示的时间之前） 用在intended, expected, meant, hoped, promised, planned, wished, thought, desired, was, were等词后，不定式的完成式表示未曾实现的愿望、期待、想法、打算或计划等。to have + 过去分词表示动作， to have been 表示状态。 I meant to have done the work before Sunday. （没完成） I was to have been a doctor. （没当成） I intended to have come to see you. (但没来) 用在 seem, appear, thing, consider, believe等后，表示一个动作先于另一个动作发生。 I seem to have seen her somewhere before.以前我好像在那见过她。（see 在 seem 之前发生） He was believed to have been a reporter.都认为他从前干过记者。 不定式的完成进行式表示动作在 。 He was happy to have been staying with his uncle. He looked too young to have been publishing books for six years. Ⅲ 不定式的语法功能： 动词不定式是一种非谓语动词，不能充当谓语,但仍具有动词的特性，可以有时态、 语态的变化，也可以在句中可充当 等Examples: It is good to help others. It is my ambition to make sure that the disabled people have access to all public buildings. My ambition is to work in the computer industry when I grow up. I don’t have ttoimsiet around feeling sorry for myself. I am the only student in my class to have a pet snake. A big company has decided to buy it from me. I have had to work hard to live a normal life. Some days I am too tired to get out of bed. We must call on local government to give financial assistance to disabled people. 作主语 动词不定式作主语既可位于句首，也可以用 做形式主语。例如： To learn a skill is very important for everyone in society. 翻译： It is necessary for young students