翻译技巧英语笔译综合-从句.pptx

英语笔译综合;;关系代词引导的定语从句;关系副词引导的定语从句;限制性和非限制性定语从句;as, which 非限定性定语从句 ;1） Whoever spits in public will be punished here. （Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替） 2） The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school.（what 可以用all that代替） what/whatever; that/what; who/whoever 1）what = the thing which；whatever = anything。例如： What you want has been sent here. Whatever you want makes no difference to me. 2） who= the person that　 whoever= anyone who。例如： （错）Who breaks the law will be punished. （错）Whoever robbed the bank is not clear. （对）Whoever breaks the law will be punished. （对）Who robbed the bank is not clear. 3） that 和 what　 当that引导定语从句时，通常用作关系代词，而引导名词性从句时，是个不充当任何成分的连接词。宾语从句和表语从句中的that常可省略。What只能引导名词性从句，用作连接代词，作从句的具体成分，且不能省略。例如： I think（that）you will like the stamps. 　 What we need is more practice. ;关系代词that 的用法;状语从句;方式状语从句;2）as if, as though 两者的意义和用法相同，引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反，有时也用陈述语气，表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。汉译常作仿佛……似的，好像……似的。例如： They completely ignore these facts as if （as though） they never existed. （与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。） He looks as if （as though） he had been hit by lighting. （与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。） It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon. （实现的可能性较大，谓语用陈述语气。） 说明：as if / as though也可以引导一个分词短语、不定式短语或无动词短语。例如： He stared at me as if seeing me for first time. He cleared his throat as if to say something. The waves dashed on the rocks as if in anger;原因状语从句 比较because, since, as和for： 1）because语势最强，用来说明人所不知的原因，回答why提出的问题。当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知，就用as或 since。例如： I didnt go, because I was afraid. Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey. 2）由because引导的从句如果放在句末，且前面有逗号，则可以用for来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因，而是多种情况加以推断，就只能用for。例如： He is absent today, because / for he is ill. He must be ill, for he is absent today. 目的状语从句 表示目的状语的从句可以由that, so that, in order that, lest, for fear that, in case等词引导。例如： You must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heard by all. He wrote the name down for fear that（lest） he should forget it. Better take more clothes in case the w