15第四章果蔬的低温伤害及其它生理第1节39.pptxVIP

第四章 果蔬采后低温伤害及其它生理伤害曹建康 果蔬采后病害的类型采后侵染性病害 病原菌、虫害采后生理性病害（生理失调、生理紊乱）组织衰老温度引起的生理失调： 冷害、冻害气体成份不适引起的生理失调低氧、高CO2、制冷剂NH3泄露、保鲜剂S02过量 生长条件不适引起的采后生理失调营养条件 缺素、过量光照 日灼斑温度 高温、低温伤害第一节 果蔬的冷害一、冷害 Chilling injury0℃以上不适宜的低温对果蔬造成的伤害表现的滞后性 往往在货架销售或消费期间出现二、冷害的临界温度13℃：香蕉、芒果、鳄梨、柠檬、黄瓜、10℃：西葫芦、菠萝、绿熟番茄7℃：甜瓜、甜椒、红熟番茄、食荚菜豆、茄子0℃：苹果、梨、桃、马铃薯，甘蓝三、冷害症状1、表皮出现麻点、凹陷斑、变色/褐变 哈密瓜、辣椒、番茄、柑橘、石榴、苹果A Red Delicious apple showing external browning and skin translucency constistant with chilling injury.Cavendish Williams bananas harvested at the hard green stage from the same banana hand were either stored at 22°C for 11 d (non-chilled) or placed at 4°C for 7 d (chilled) before transfer to 22°C for 4 d. Chilling injuryexposure to temperatures below 5°C (41°F) during storage and transport for longer than 4 weeks.SymptomsExternal symptoms include brown discoloration (scald) of the skin, pitting, and increased susceptibility to decay.Internal symptoms include brown discoloration of the white segments separating the arils and pale color (loss of red color) of the arils.2、内部组织崩溃、褐变 香蕉、芒果、梨、哈密瓜‘Blackamber’ plum chilling injury symptoms observed during cold storage: flesh browning, flesh bleeding, gel breakdown, flesh translucency (overripe or bladderiness). Crisosto et al., Postharvest Biology and Technology 34 (2004) 237–244Representation of the “Venus” nectarine fruit: a) “control” fruit without cold storage. b) Chilling injury in “cold” nectarines after 5 weeks of storage at 5 °C and 90% relative humidity plus ripening period at 20 °C.Giraldo et al., Applicability of 2-DE to assess differences in the protein profile between cold storage and not cold storage in nectarine fruits. Journal of proteomics 75 (2012) 5774-5782. 黄金梨冷藏180d果实果心及果皮褐变1-MCP处理对黄金梨果实黑心和褐变的影响（冷藏180d,上CK，中0.5μL·L-1，下1.0μL·L-1）八月红梨PE挽口冷藏4个月锦丰梨0.03PVC扎口贮藏8个月冷害发生的“中温效应”现象Chilling index in peach fruit stored at 0?C and 5?C for 28 days.Chilling injury can be a major cause of deterioration of ‘Fuyu persimmons during marketing after exposure to tempera