专业英语翻译.docxVIP

1、Besides oil being present in sufficient quantities ,and water and gas available to help move it to surface, three other factors must be present in the reservoir to make it economically worthwhile. These are pressure gradient ,gtavity, and capillary action. 除了足够石油存在，水和可以帮助把它到地面的天然气之外，在储层中必须存在其他三 个因素使其具有经济开采价值，他们是压力梯度重力和毛细作用。 2、Pressure gradient means that a difference exists between pressures measured at two different points.If the pressure is lower at the wellthan at other points in the reservoir,the areas of higher pressure will exert energy that will force the fluids to and up the wellbore resulting in the well flowing .If such pressure is not present in sufficient quantities ,then a pump or other artificial means will have to be used to lift the oil to the surface. 压力梯度意味着测量的两点之间压力存在差异，如果经的压力比油藏的其他点底，那高 压区会释放能量，驱使流体到达井眼，何在井眼中爬升从而实现油在井中流动，如果不 存在足够这样的压力，那么就必须用泵或者其他人工方法来把油举升到地面。 3、The function of the hoisting system is to provide a means of lowering or raising drilstrings ,casing strings,and other subsurface equipment into or out of the hole.The principal components of the hoisting system are the derrick and substructure , the block and tackle,,and the drawworks, Two routine drilling oprations performed with the hoisting system are called making a connection refers to the periodic process of adding a new jointof drillpipe as the hole deepens. This process is described in figure 3-10.Making a trip refers to the process of removing the drillstring from the hole to change a portion of the downhole assembly and then lowering the drillstring back to the hole bottom .A trip is made usually to change a dull bit.The steps involved in coming out of the hole are shown in Figure3—11. 起升系统的功能是提供了一种手段来实现钻柱、套管 8 的下放和起升和其他设备在井眼 中出入。起升系统的重要组成部分有井架、底座、滑轮组和绞车。起升系统的两个常规钻井操作是接单根和起下钻。接单根是指井眼加深时在钻柱上增加新的单根的周期过程。 图 3-10 描述了这一过程。起下钻是指把钻柱从井眼中移除更换部分井下装置再把钻柱下放到井眼中，统称为更换钝的钻头而起下钻，起钻的相关步骤如图 3-11 所示。 4、The drawworks (Figure3—15)provide the hoisting and braking power required to raise or low