小学英语语法分词的语态、时态知识点讲解.pdfVIP

小学英语语法分词的语态、时态知识点讲解 一、分词的语态 1）通常，现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动，例如： He is the man giving you the money. (= who gave you…) 他 就是给你钱的那个人。 He is the man stopped by the car. ( = who was stopped by…) 他就是那个被车拦住的人。 2）不及物动词的过去分词表示动作已经发生 gone，fallen，retired，grown-up，escaped，faded，returned 例： a well-read person. 一个读过许多书的人 a much-travelled may 一个去过许多地方的人 a burnt-out match 烧完了的火柴 二、分词的时态 1）与主语动词同时 Hearing the news， he jumped with joy. 听到这一消息，他高兴得手舞足蹈。 Arriving there， they found the boy dead. 刚一到那儿，他们就发现那男孩死了。 典型例题 The secretary worked late into the night， ___a long speech for the president. A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was preparing 答案B. 此处没有连词，不能选D，否则出现了两个谓语动词worked 1 和was preparing。只能在B，C中选一个。又因前后两个动作同时发生， 且与主语为主动关系，应用现在分词。 2）先于主动词 While walking in the garden，he hurt his leg. 在花园里散步时他伤了腿。 分词作时间状语，如果先与主动词的动作，且强调先后， 要用 having done。 Having finished his homework，he went out.=As he had finished his homework， he went out. 做完作业后，他出去了。 典型例题 ___ a reply， he decided to write again. A. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not received 答案C. 本题考查分词的时态与分词的否定式。根据题意判断，分 词的动作（接信）发生在谓语动词的动作（决心再写信）之前，因此用 分词的完成式。分词的否定式的构成为not +分词，故选C。该句可理解 为：Because he had not received a reply，he decided to write again. 2