超富集植物的根际效应与其超量吸收富集砷的关系.pdfVIP

摘要 摘要 含砷尾矿占用大量土地，并向环境释放砷，带来一系列环境与健康问题。通过种植与收获超 富集植物去除土壤或尾矿中的砷，减少砷污染，已被证明是一种极具潜力的修复技术。研究砷超 富集植物的根际效应对于认识植物超量富集砷的机理及植物修复实践具有理论与现实意义。 本文通过根箱实验研究了砷超富集植物蜈蚣草与其他几种蕨类植物在含砷尾矿和土壤中的 根际效应。采用根际溶液实时提取分析、根际土精确采样、薄层凝胶树脂（DGT ）分析和砷形态 连续提取分析，结合植物生物量与植物砷富集量分析，初步研究了砷超富集植物根际对砷的活化、 吸收、富集作用及其影响因素。砷超富集植物蜈蚣草吸收富集砷的能力最强，其根际溶液砷含量 显著低于非根际，也低于其他植物的根际和非根际溶液，指示蜈蚣草根际对砷的快速吸收作用； 蜈蚣草根际溶液氮含量也显著低于非根际，指示蜈蚣草吸收砷与营养元素相似；根际溶液磷则高 于非根际，显示植物吸收磷砷存在拮抗作用，而其他植物则不存在这种现象。根箱中生长的蜈蚣 草吸收富集的砷量显著高于根箱中非专性吸附态砷量，也高于根箱中专性吸附态的砷量，表明蜈 蚣草可活化吸收吸附态以外的紧结结合态砷。根际溶液 TOC 含量与植物吸收砷之间具有显著的 相关性，指示有机质在植物对砷的活化与吸收过程中起着一定程度的作用。 关键词：砷，超富集植物，蜈蚣草，根际效应，尾矿 超富集植物的根际效应与其超量吸收富集砷的关系 Abstract Tailings that contain arsenic(As) occupy large area of lands and produce As-contamination to ambient environment by leaching and weathering. Planting and harvesting of As-hyperaccumulating plants to remove As from soils or tailings and reduce As-contamination has been proven to a sound remediaton technique. It is highly desirable to investigate the rhizosphere effects of As-hyperaccumulators, which can be useful in further understanding the relevant mechanisms and in providing guiding for phytoremediation practice. Rhizobox experiments were employed to investigate the rhizosphere effects of As-hyperaccumulator with comparison to several non-As-hyperaccumulating ferns. By means of in-situ rhizosphere solution extraction and analyzing, accurate rhizosphere soil sampling and diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) as well as sequential extraction As-fractionation analysis, in combination with plan