使役动词的用法及练习.docVIP

使役动词的用法及练习 使役动词的用法及练习 英语中具有使役意义的动词较多,跟人们常常说的使役动词不是一个概念.通常我们说使役动词,指的是make, have, let这三个动词,它们在后接不定式作宾语补足语时要省去不定式符号to的特定用法.但具有使役意义的动词数量上远不止这些,用法也较灵活,现将其分类叙述如下,以饷读者.(注：英语动词意义丰富,在此仅限于“使役”意义.)1 使役动词have, let, make （常用于复合结构）1.1 have的用法1). have +宾语+省to不定式：表示主语“要”“使”“让”宾语干某事,宾语和宾补之间是一种主动关系.而且还可以与情态动词will, would连用,不用于被动结构.The rich lady had the singer eat with his servants.I will have him come and help you.2). have+宾语+现在分词：表示让某人或物连续进行某动作或处于某状态中,宾语和宾补是一种主动关系.亦可转化为“劝说,鼓励”宾语干某事.The two cheats had the lights burning all night long.He had us waiting for him three hours yesterday.I have them all talking to each other in English. 我鼓励他们用英语交谈.3). have +宾语+过去分词：表示主语的主观意志,即主语让别人为自己完成某事,宾语和宾补是动宾关系.还可以表示主语遭受到来利或不测的事.Tom said he had had his TV set repaired.Tom had his wallet stolen on the bus yesterday.“别人”在句中一般不出现,这是它与结构1）的区别所在.试比较：Have you washed your clothes? 你洗了衣服了吗?（自己洗）Have you had your clothes washed? 你叫人洗了衣服了吗?（别人洗）4). have+宾语+形容词/副词/介词短语作宾补 2 “半使役动词”amaze, astonish等“半使役动词”在英语语法上还是一个没有被认同的概念或术语,而只是认可了其v-ing形式和v-ed形式作为形容词使用.但这类词汇数量较大,使用频率高,业已成为学习和考查中的重点,难点,易混易错点,而且在教学一线已经广泛地被教师和学生所接受.半使役动词之所以得名,一则它们的意义都有“使某人感到……”,再则是为了与具有特殊用法的使役动词let, have, make等区别开来.2.4常见的半使役动词amaze（使某人感到惊呀）, astonish（使某人感到惊奇）,?bore（使某人感到厌倦）, complicate（使某人感到复杂）,?confuse（使某人感到迷惑）, disappoint （使某人感到失望）,?delight（使某人感到高兴）, discourage（使某人感到气馁）,distinguish（使某人感到显著）, excite （使某人感到兴奋）,?encourage（使某人感到鼓舞）, exhaust （使某人感到疲倦）,?frighten（使某人感到恐惧）, interest （使某人感到有趣）,?inspire（使某人感到刺激）, move（使某人感到激动）,?please（使某人感到高兴）, puzzle（使某人感到不解）,?satisfy（使某人感到满意）, surprise（使某人感到惊异）,?shock（使某人感到震惊）, strike （使某人感到震动）,tire（使某人感到疲惫）, upset （使某人感到迷惑不解）,等等.2.2半使役动词的主动式用法：something + Vt. + somebody如：What surprised him most was her bravery. His brave deeds moved China.?The exam result satisfied his parents. The boy’s behavior upset everybody around.2.3半使役动词有两个或三个派生形容词,一个加-ing,一个加-ed,有时还有一个加其他后缀构成如：interest----interesting, interested; astonish----astonishing, astonished;?please----pleasing, pleased, pleasant; s