初中英语非谓语动词讲解.docx

PAGE PAGE 1 非谓语动词之“动词不定式”详解 非谓语动词就是不充当谓语的动词，分两种。一是动词不定式。二是动词 ing 形式。 一、动词不定式 一、动词不定式 1） 作主语 To learn English well is not easy. 或 It is not easy to learn English well. [说明]动词不定式作主语时，往往用it 作形式主语，这种句型可归纳为下面的句型： e.g. It is + adj.+ 动词不定式 如果要说明不定式表示的动作执行者，可以用for+sb. e.g. It is + adj.+ for sb.to do sth. 2）作表语 （表语用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的，表语常由名词、形容词、副词、 介词短语、动词的-ing 形式、不定式、从句来充当，它常位于系动词（be, become, appear, seem, look, sound, feel, get, smell 等词）之后。） e.g. My wish is to become a teacher. 3）作宾语或者宾语补足语 e.g. Most of us like to watch football matches. e.g. He told me to be here on time. 4）作定语：e.g. I have nothing to say about that thing. 5）作状语：e.g. He stopped to have a look. [说明] 动词不定式的否定形式：not + to + 动词原形构成 e.g. He asked me not to make such a mistake. 2、动词不定式与疑问词连用： 疑问词 who, what, which 和疑问副词 when, where, how, why 等后面可以按动词不定式，构成动词不定式短语。 e.g. (1) He doesn’t know how to use the machine. How to use the machine is a question. The question is when to go there. 3、省去了 to 的动词不定式1）let, have, make+do 2）感官动词 see, watch, look at, notice, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find +to。注意：在被动语态中则 to 不能省掉。 e.g. I saw him dance. =He was seen to dance. e.g. The boss made them work the whole night.=They were made to work the whole night. 3）would rather，had better + do 4、动词不定式的特殊句型： too…to…+to do： e.g. He is too excited to speak. enough to do： e.g. The child is old enough to go to school. 3）Why not +do e.g. Why not take a holiday? 4）so as (not) to do: 表示目的 e.g. Go in quietly so as not to wake the baby. 5、不定式的难点： 1）用作介词的“to”： 比如说 look forward to ; pay attention to; devote oneself tobe/get used to，后面都是+doing 的！ 2）Its for sb.和 Its of sb.的区别 二、动词 二、动词 ing 形式： 动词 ing 形式分为两种，一是动名词，二是现在分词 动词的-ing 形式用作动名词： 动名词是动词的一种非谓语形式，由动词原形加-ing 构成，它在句中起名词的作用，可以在句子中用作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补语、状语和定语。 1）动名词作主语： e.g. Walking is good exercise. 走路是很好的运动 2）动名词作表语 e.g. My favorite sport is swimming. 我最喜欢的运动是游泳。3）动名词作宾语： e.g. Jim dislikes eating chocolate. 吉姆不喜欢吃巧克力。 e.g. She can’t help crying at a sad movie. 她看了忧伤的电影禁不住要哭。 [说明] 有