化工专业英语.pptxVIP

Introduction to Analytical Chemistry;2;3;The role of analytical chemistry in the science;Its supreme importance has caused it to be assiduously cultivated from a very early period in the history of chemistry, and its records comprise a large part of the quantitative work which is spread over the whole domain of science. 分析化学的重要性使其在化学历史的最初期就得到了全面发展，同时分析化学记录包含了大部分的定量分析工作，并在整个科学领域得到广泛传播。;Quantitative analytical measurement also play a vital role in many research areas in chemistry, biochemistry, biology, geology, and the other sciences. 定量分析测量也在化学、生物化学、生物学、地理学以及其他科学的许多研究领域扮演者重要的角色。 ;For example, chemists unravel the mechanisms of chemical reactions through reaction-rate studies, the rate at which reactants are consumed or products formed in a chemical reaction can be calculated from quantitative measurements made at equal time intervals. 比如，化学家通过研究反应速率来阐明化学反应机理。而化学反应中反应物的消耗速率或产物的生成速率可以通过在相同时间间隔下进行定量测计算得到。 ;Quantitative analysis for potassium, calcium, and sodium ions in the body fluids of animals permit physiologists to study the role these ions play in nerve-signal conduction and muscle contraction and relaxation. 生理学家通过对动物体液内钾离子、钙离子和钠离子的定量分析，来研究这些离子在神经信号传导和肌肉收缩和松弛中的作用。;Materials scientists rely heavily upon quantitative analysis of crystalline germanium and silicon in their studies of the behavior of semiconductor devices. 材料学家主要依赖对晶体锗和硅的定量分析来研究他们作为半导体元件的性能。 Impurities in these devices are in the concentrations range 1*10-6 to 1*10-10 percent. 这些元件中的杂质含量在百分之1*10-6 到 1*10-10 的范围内。 ;Archaeologists identify the source of volcanic glasses by measuring the concentrations of minor elements in samples taken from various locations. 考古学家通过测量从不同位置采集的样品中的微量元素的浓度来确定火山玻璃岩的来源。 This knowledge in turn makes it possible to trace prehistoric trade routes for tools and weapons fashioned from obsidian. 以此类推，这种方法也有望用于史前流行的黑曜石工具和武器的交易路线的追踪研究。 ;A classification of quantitative methods of analysis;One is the weight or volume of sample to be analyzed. 第一步是分析样品的重量或体积。 The second is t