医学寄生虫学：医学节肢动物.pptVIP

* * * * * * 颚体背面具有螯肢一对，从颚基正中向前伸出，长杆状，末端有齿，螯肢外有鞘包围，口下板位于螯肢腹面，布有纵列倒齿。 * 盾板 scutum Gnathosoma protrudes frontally Hard scutum covers all (male) or part of the back (female) 颚体gnathosoma 颚体由颚基(basis capituli)、 螯肢2个(chelicera 可缩回鞘里，重要的刺割器)、 口下板(hypostome其腹面有倒齿，为吸血固定器官) 和须肢2个(pedipalp吸血时起支撑作用)组成。 口器为切割刺吸式。螯肢和口下板合拢形成前口腔。 颚体gnathosoma Sensory organ (Haller’s organ) on the tarsus (foot) of the first leg. Ticks hold up the first leg pair to sense the host by CO2 and body heat. 2 chelicera(螯肢) which can retract in a sheat and cut into the skin during the bite 2 pedipalps(须肢) The hypostome(口下板) is studded with hooks and anchors the tick proposcis in the wound during the long feeding time expecially of hard ticks “Cement” is secreted which further anchors tick in bite site Tick feeds by gnathosoma 扫描电镜 疥螨所致的皮内隧道 隧道内可见雌疥螨及卵 活蠕形螨 皮脂腺 毛囊 毛囊、皮脂腺内可见蠕形螨 在皮肤内寄生 的蠕形螨 粉螨、尘螨 粉 螨 尘 螨 dust mite 习性：主要孳生于屋内的枕头、被褥、软垫、家具中 致病：尘螨性过敏属于外源性变态反应，常见临床表现为尘螨性哮喘和过敏性鼻炎。 本节要点： 蚊可以传播的疾病有哪些，哪些属于寄生虫疾病，其生活史有什么特点？ 蝇传播疾病的特点是什么? 什么是生物性传播，生物性传播包括哪些类型？ * * * * 白 蛉(Sandfly) 生活史 完全变态 全年仅繁殖1代，至多2代，寿命2-3周 活动范围小，飞行能力弱 正在吸血的白蛉 白蛉热 巴尔通病 杜氏利什曼原虫 Aphaniptera - fleas Wingless, laterally flattened Strong third pair of legs for jumping (some fleas jump 100 times their body length) Pygidium(尾板): specialized organ to sense air currents (to localize hosts) Both sexes parasitic Holometabol, larvae feed on detritus in animal nests and burrows Pupae can “wait” for a long time when nest is vacated, vibration is the stimulus to for final metamorphosis and emergence of adults Xenopsylla cheopis the tropical rat flea Main vector for Yersinea pestis the causative agent of plague 蚤(flea) 形态：黄褐色，侧扁，足长发达，善跳，♂♀均吸血。 生活史：全变态 2~3周，寿命1~2年。 Anoplura虱目 Human lice have no reservoir and only infest humans Body lice transmit several forms of rickettsial typhus (febrile disease with high mortalities) Both lice and typhus have flourished whenever people went to war. Often typhus killed more soldiers than combat 虱(louse) 形态：人头虱、人体虱、耻阴