读者反应批评.pptxVIP

第1页/共60页M·H·艾布拉姆斯（M. H. Abrams）在《镜与灯》（The Mirror and Lamp, 1953）中提出了著名的文学批评四大要素的理论。 世界 作品 艺术家 欣赏者 第2页/共60页注重作品（文本）本身的批评是客观说（objective approach），注重艺术家（作者）的批评是表现说（expressive approach），注重世界（语境）的批评是模仿说（mimetic approach），注重欣赏者（读者）的批评是实用说（pragmatic approach）。第3页/共60页以作品（文本）为中心的批评流派：修辞学、形式主义、神话-原型批评、新批评、结构主义、后结构主义（解构批评）、符号学。以作者为中心的批评流派：传记批评、心理分析批评、现象学。 以世界（语境）为中心的批评流派：马克思主义、女性主义、新历史主义、后殖民理论、文化研究、生态批评、性属研究。以读者为中心的批评流派：读者反应批评/接受理论（接受美学）。第4页/共60页The central premise of all the schools within Reader-Criticism is this: The text does not and cannot interpret itself. To determine a texts meaning, one must become an active reader and a participant in the reading process. Reader-Response Criticism (RRC) uses various theoretical assumptions and methodologies to discover a texts meaning as it is created through interaction with the reader.第5页/共60页Historical DevelopmentRRC emerges as a form of literary analysis in the 1970s, and remains a powerful force in the academy. However, critics have long been interested in the relationship between readers and literary texts.1.???? Plato and Aristotle-- The reader as Passive Agent. Looks at the effect of the literary work on the reader or audience.第6页/共60页Rhetorical Criticism-- One of the earliest forms of language study and literary criticism. The study of how language (written and spoken) shapes or affects readers/audience. Looks at techniques for moving or persuading an audience or reader. 2.???? Romanticism (Wordsworth)-- Emphasis on the Author. The author is the locus of meaning and interpretation. The text is an extension or expression of the authors thoughts and feelings.第7页/共60页3.???? Textual Emphasis (New Criticism)-- The text reveals its own meaning. The emphasis on the objective nature of the text creates a passive reader who is not allowed to bring personal experiences or private emotions to bear on textual analysis. To do so is to create the affective fallacy.第8页/共60页4.???? Louise Rosenblatt (Literature as Expl