周皮肤荨麻疹.pptxVIP

会计学; These are wheals, white or red evanescent plaques generally surrounded by a red halo or flare. Fast appearing and diminishing, no trace after diminishing.;Etiology;Etiology;2. Medicines Many medicines can start urticaria by allergy, the most common drugs are as follows: penicillin, serum, vaccine, furazolidone, sulfanilamide and so on . Sometimes a few drugs can directly stimulate mast cells to produce histamine, like aspirin, morphine, codeine, quinine, etc. ;3. Infections Infections caused by all organisms are another possible reasons to induce urticaria. The most common organism is virus of upper respiratory and staphylococcus aureus. Chronic infections of the patients cannot be easy verified as the pathogen of urticaria; it must be tested by therapy.;4. Physical factors: Cold, hot, sunlight, friction and pressure 5. Animals and plants : Urticaria can be induced by animals fur skin or pollen or stinging of insects. 6. Spirit factors: In some cases, stress can trigger urticaria, but in another cases stress may lead to histamine releasing. ;7. Diseases of internal organs;Pathogenesis;1. Allergy; Allergy ;2. Not coming from allergy;Clinical manifestations;1.Acute urticaria; There are many wheals on the patient’s trunk.;Sometimes it will show allergic shock features, blood pressure of patients may fall, or they will have abdomen ache, or are panicky, dysphoria, nausea and vomitus. Some patients will have severe abdomen ache, like acute abdomen. Dyspnea will appear on some cases if edema appear at respiratory tract. In few cases it may accompanied by septicemia while the patients have high fever, shivering with cold or fear. ;2. Chronic urticaria ;General symptoms of chronic urticaria are mild, more wheals or a few wheals, it will recur repeatedly, keeping for several months or years, it will sharpen in special time or not. Causes cannot be found in many cases.;3. Dermatographism ; Dermatographism is a sharply localized edema