软件工程复习资料 英文.docxVIP

Lecture 1 An Introduction to Software Engineering 1 what does software engineering concern? Software engineering is concerned with theories, methods and tools for professional software development. Software engineering is concerned with cost-effective software development.2 What is software? Software includes: ① computer programs ② data structures ③ documents What is the two types of software products Generic software(通用软件) and custom software（定制软件） The three key elements of a successful software project are: on time, within budget, satisfies the user’s needs Generic activities in all software processes are: Specification（描述）, Development（开发）, Validation（有效性验证）, Evolution（进化）6 The attributes of good software include: Maintainability（可维护性）, Dependability（可依靠性）, Efficiency（有效性）, Acceptability（可接受性） Lecture 2 Software Processes What is a software process model A software process model is an abstract representation of a software process. It presents a description of a process from some particular perspective. Draw the graphic presentation of Waterfall model and describe its character. 这种模型把软件经过划分成几个挨次的阶段。阶段间具有依靠性，前一个阶段结束，后一个阶段才能开头； 这种模型很难对用户变更做出调整，只适用于需求格外清晰和需求变更被严格限制的情况下。 Describe the basic principle of evolutionary development and its two types 进化式开发的根本思想是先开发一个原型给用户使用，经过用户反馈意见来不断修改系统直到最后成熟，所 以又被称作快速原型开发方式。它不主张将描述、开发和有效性验证等活动分开进行，而是让这些活动迭代执行， 同时让这些活动能得到快速的反馈信息。 进化式开发有两种根本类型：探究式开发和抛弃式原型法。 Draw the graphic presentation of incremental delivery and describe its character 在这种开发方式中，系统不是作为一个整体交付，而是被分解成若干个增量，每个增量交付系统的部分功能。 用户的需求按优先级排队，优先级最高的需求被放入最早交付的增量中。这样，优先级最高的系统功能就得到最 多的测试，系统的可靠性较高。 Describe the characters of Spiral development. （对比模型去理解） Process is represented as a spiral rather than as a sequence of activities with backtracking. Each loop in the spiral represents a phase in the process. No fixed phases such as specification or design - loops in the spiral are chosen depending on what is required. Risks are explicitly assessed and resolved throughout the process. L