阅读理解文章的基本结构、名词、短语、代词指代题讲义--高三英语二轮复习.docxVIP

高考英语阅读理解复习 理解文章的基本结构 名词（短语）指代题 《普通高中英语课程标准（2017 年版 2020 年修订）》中对高中英语学业质量水平的要 求之一是：能识别语篇的结构，辨识和分析语篇的文本特征及衔接手段，识别语篇为传递意 义而选用的主要词汇和语法结构。在阅读理解中，通常通过信息指代类的题目考查考生对于 上下文衔接关系以及文章基本结构的把握。信息指代类题目在高考英语中有两种：名词（短 语）指代题和代词指代题。下面我们就如何解答名词（短语）指代题进行相关技巧的点拨。 解答名词（短语）指代题时，可以按照如下步骤进行： ① 返回原文，找出名词（短语）所在句； ② 将四个选项代入该名词（短语），看意思是否通顺； ③ 联系上下文，读懂相关句子的含义，进一步分析四个选项，选出符合上下文语境的 最佳答案。 下面我们结合高考真题对这种题型的解题技巧具体说明。 例 1： The end of the school year was in sight and spirits were high. I was back teaching after an absence of 15 years, dealing with the various kinds of “forbidden fruit” that come out of book bags. Now was the spring of the water pistol. (手枪) I decided to think up a method of dealing with forbidden fruit. “Please bring that pistol to me,” I said. “I’m going to put it in my Grandma’s Box.” “What’s that?” they asked. “It’s a large wooden chest full of toys for my grandchildren,” I replied. “You don’t have grandchildren,” someone said. “I don’t now,” I replied. “But someday I will. When I do, my box will be full of wonderful things for them.” My imaginary Grandma’s Box worked like magic that spring, and later. Sometimes students would ask me to describe all the things I had in it. Then I would try to remember the different possessions I supposedly had taken away — since I seldom actually kept them. Usually the offender would appear at the end of the day, and I would return the belonging. ... 1. What do the underlined words “the offender” in paragraph 8 refer to? A. The student’s parent. B. The maker of the Grandma’s Box. C. The author’s grandchild. D. The owner of the forbidden fruit. 【分析】本文是记叙文。作者为了解决孩子们将玩具带到学校的问题，假想出了一个“奶奶 的盒子”。后来，她的儿子将“奶奶的盒子”变成了现实。 1. 本题应选 D 项。将四个选项代入划线部分所在句，可以看到，符合 return the belonging （belonging 指的是作者没收的玩具，即 forbidden fruit）的是 A 项和 D 项。结合上文描述可 知，A 项在文中并未出现，故选 D 项，即玩具的主人会在一天结束的时候出现，作者就会 归还他们的物品。 例 2： ... You could take out two books at a time and two only. So two by two, I read library books as fast as I could go, rushing them home in the basket of my bicycle. From the