2022年4月份职称英语卫生卷模拟题(3).pdfVIP

2022年4月份职称英语卫生卷模拟题(3) 阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有 2 项测试任务：（1）14 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中为第 2--5 段每段选择 1 个正确的小标题；（2）第 5--8 题要求 从所给的 6 个选项中选择 4 个正确的选项，分别完成每个句子。请将答案 涂在答题卡相应的位置上。 Soot and Snow：a Hot Combination l New research from NASA scientists suggests emissions of blac soot alter the way sunlight reflects off snow. According to a computer simulation, black soot may be responsible for 25 percent of observed global warming over the past century. 2 Soot in the higher latitudes of the Earth, where ice ismore common, absorbs more of the sun’s energy and warmth than an icy, white background. Dark-colored blac carbon, or soot, absorbs sunlight, while lighter colored ice reflects sunlight. 3 Soot in areas with snow and ice may play all important role in climate change. Also, if snow and ice covered areas begin melting, the warming effect increases, as the soot becomes more concentrated on the snow surface. “This provides a positive feedback, as glaciers and ice sheet smelt; they tend to get even dirtier, “ said Dr. James Hansen, a researcher at NASA’s Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York. 4 Hansen found soot ’s effect on snow albedo (solar energy reflected bac to space), which may be contributing to trends toward early springs in the Northern Hemisphere, such as thinning Arctic sea ice, melting glaciers and permafrost. Soot also is believed to play a role in changes in the atmosphere above the oceans and land. 5 “Blac carbon reduces the amount of energy reflected by snow back into space, thus heating the snow surface more than if there were no blac carbon, “ Hansen said. Soot’s increased absorption of solar energy is especially effective in warming the world’s climate. “This forcing is unusually effective, causing twice as much global warming as a carbon dioxide forcing of the same magnitude, “ Hansen noted. 6 Hansen cautioned, “although the role of soot in altering global climate is substantial, it