托福备考托福阅读34套TPO样题+解析+译文14--1 Children and Advertising.pdfVIP

托福考试 复习 托福阅读TPO14(试题+答案+译文)第1篇:Children and Advertising 托福阅读原文 【1】Young children are trustingof commercial advertisements in the media, and advertisers have sometimes beenaccused of taking advantage of this trusting outlook. The IndependentTelevision Commission, regulator of television advertising in the United Kingdom,has criticized advertisers for misleadingness—creating a wrongimpression either intentionally or unintentionally—in an effort to controladvertisers use of techniques that make it difficult for children to judge thetrue size, action, performance, or construction of a toy. 【2】General concern aboutmisleading tactics that advertisers employ is centered on the use ofexaggeration. Consumer protection groups and parents believe that children arelargely ill-equipped to recognize such techniques and that often exaggerationis used at the expense of product information. Claims such as thebest or better than can be subjective and misleading; evenadults may be unsure as to their meaning. They represent the advertisersopinions about the qualities of their products or brand and, as a consequence,are difficult to verify. Advertisers sometimes offset or counterbalance anexaggerated claim with a disclaimer—a qualification or condition on the claim.For example, the claim that breakfast cereal has a health benefit may beaccompanied by the disclaimer when part of a nutritionally balancedbreakfast. However, research has shown that children often havedifficulty understanding disclaimers: children may interpret the phrasewhen part of a nutritionally balanced breakfast to mean that thecereal is required as a necessary part of a balanced breakfast. The authorGeorge Comstock suggested that less than a quarter of children between the agesof six and eight years old understood standard disclaimers used in many toyadvertisements and that disclaimers are more readily comprehended whenpresented in both audio and visual formats. Nevertheless, disclaimers aremai