当代语言学导论复习要点(详细!含课后单词).pdfVIP

- Introduction to Contemporary Linguistics Chapter1 Human superiority lies in his unique endowmentthe ability to talk, or rather, to municate by means of language. Talmud: god created the world by a word, instantaneously, without toil or pains. Widdowson: the primacy o language in the way human beings conceive o the world. Language is a vehicle of power, for control, for creation, and for change. The study of human language is called linguistics. Linguistics deals with human language as a whole or as particular languages. 1. As a whole: the system o human munication which consists o the structured arrangement o sounds (or their written representation) into larger units,e.g. morphemes, words, sentences, utterances. 2. As particular language: like French language, they are particular systems o humanmunication used by people living in di erent parts of the world. There is a continuum from one language to another. Varieties of language: Any particular language is in essence a set of varieties. 1. local varieties 区域变体–dialects and accents(the former di er from each other in pronunciation, vocabulary, and even grammar; the latter only in pronunciation ) 2. social varieties—sociolects 社会方言(=social dialects , used by people o di erent classes, ages, or se*es ), 3. historical varieties—temporal variety.(e.g. the 17th century English) . z. - 4. stylistic or occupational varietiesregisters 语域 (e.g. formal English, scientific English)