英语语言学句法学.pptxVIP

会计学1 2023/1/192--- The internal structures of sentences --- different treatments of sentence structure by different linguistic schools ---IC analysis, deep structure, surface structure, tree diagram第1页/共93页 2023/1/1931. Definition --- the study of the rules governing the way words are combined to form sentences in a language, that is, the study of the formation of sentences. 第2页/共93页 2023/1/1942. Discuss the notion of sentence2.1. The notions of sentence View 1: A grammatical unit that is syntactically independent and has a subject that is expressed or, as in imperative sentences, understood and a predicate that contains at least one finite verb.View 2: An independent group of words expressing a complete thought.View 3: A statement containing a subject and a predicate, a subject is the element about which a statement is made, and a predicate is the element made about a subject.第3页/共93页 2023/1/1952.2. The types of sentenceA. According to the structure: Sentence can be simple and non-simple (complex and compound).The simple sentenceThe girl is watching TV.Mary and John are sitting on the sofa. The compound sentence A compound sentence consists of two or more simple sentences, usually connected by a comma plus a joining word (and, but, for, or, nor, so, yet). A compound sentence is used when you want to give equal weight to closely related ideas.We are watering the trees, for we don’t have any rain for a month.第4页/共93页 2023/1/196The complex sentenceA complex sentence is made up of a simple sentence and a statement that begins with a dependent word. A complex sentence is used when you want to emphasize one idea over another in a sentence.What I want to emphasize is this.We should never pretend to know what we don’t know.The compound-complex sentenceEllipsis is a common feature in English, but in many sentences of this type it is not possible to state exactly what is ‘left out’.第5页/共93页 2023/1/197B. According to communicative function: Sen