地下室设计深基坑中英文对照外文翻译文献.docxVIP

中英文对照外文翻译 (文档含英文原文和中文翻译 ) Deep E x ca v a tion s ABSTR ACT ： All major topics in the design of in-situ retaining systems for deep excavations in urban areas are outlined. Type of wall, water related problems and water pressures, lateral earth pressures, type of support, solution to earth retaining walls, types of failure, internal and external stability problems. KEYW OR DS: deep excavation; retaining wall; earth pressure; INTR ODUCTION Numbers of deep excavat ion pits in city centers are incre asing every year. Buildings, streets surrounding excavation locations and design of very deep basements make excavations formidable projects. This chapter has been organized in such a way that subjects related to deep excava tion project s are summarized in several sections in the order of design routine. These are types of in-situ walls, water pressures and water related problems. Earth pressures in cohesionless and cohesive soil s are presented in two differe nt categories . Ground anchors, struts and nails as supporting elements are explained. Anchors are given more emphasis compared to others due to widespread use observed in the recent years . Stability of retaining systems are discus sed as internal and external stability. Solution of walls for shears, moments, displacements and support reactions under earth and water pressures are obtained making use of different m ethods of analysis. A pile wal l supported by anchors is solved by three methods and the results are compared. Type of wall failures, observed wall movements and instrumentation of deep excav ation projects are summarized. TYPES OF EARTH R ETAINING WAL L S Introduction More than several types of in-situ walls are used to support excavations. The criteria for the selection of type of wall are size of excavation, ground conditions, groundwate r level, vertic al and horizonta l displa cements of adjacent ground and limitati