现代大学英语（第三版）精读5教案 教师用书 Unit5 AtWarwiththePlanet、Unit7 HowtoGetthePooroffOurConscience.pdf

Unit 5 At War with the Planet Barry Commoner Additional Background Information (About Barry Commoner) Barry Commoner (1917-2012) was an American environmental scientist, author and social activist. Commoner received his bachelor’s degree in zoology from Columbia University (1937) and his master’s and doctoral degrees from Harvard University (1941). After serving as a lieutenant in the United States Navy during World War II, he moved to St. Louis, where he became a professor of plant physiology at Washington University. He taught there for 34 years and during this period, in 1966, he founded the Center for the Biology of Natural Systems (CBNS) to study the science of the total environment. In his work as a biologist, Commoner focused especially on ozone layer depletion. In the late 1950s, Commoner became well known for his opposition to nuclear testing. He went on to write several books about the negative ecological effects of above ground nuclear testing. In 1970, he received the International Humanist Award from the International Humanist and Ethical Union. In the 1960s, he became involved in other environmental issues, including pollution and energy sources. He gave speeches and wrote numerous books: Science and Survival (1967), The Closing Circle (1971), Energy and Human Welfare (1975), The Poverty of Power (1976), The Politics of Energy (1979), and Making Peace with the Planet (1990). In The Closing Circle, a bestseller, Commoner suggested that the American economy should be restructured to conform to the unbending laws of ecology. For example, he argued that polluting products (like detergents or synthetic textiles) should be replaced with natural products (like soap or cotton and wool). This book was one of the first