武理工结构防灾技术课件06结构防火技术.pptxVIP

第六章 结构防火技术Chapter 6 Fire-resistance Structure火灾和建筑防火基本知识Introduction to Fire Disaster and Fire Protection of buildings 结构、构件的耐火性能Fire Resistance of Structures and Structural Components 建筑防火设计Fire Protection Design of buildings结构抗火设计Fire Resistance Design of Structures6.1 Introduction to Fire Disaster and Fire protection of buildingsIntroduction人类进步、社会发展离不开火，但是火如果失去控制，反过来会危害人类。Fire is indispensable to the developmentof human society. However, fire will beharmful to human if it is out of control.Definition：火灾是由于在时间和空间上失去控制的燃烧所造成的灾害。Fire hazards arethe disaster caused by burning out ofcontrol over time and space.6.1.1 火灾分类 Types of Fire hazards 火灾分类 Types of Fire hazards 按照物质燃烧特性将火灾分为A 、B 、C 、D E五类 A类火灾：固体物质火灾，具有有机物质， 产生灼热的灰烬，如木材、棉、毛、麻和纸张等 B类火灾：液体火灾和可熔化的固体物质火灾。如汽油、煤油、沥 青和石蜡等Fire hazards are classified into A, B, C ，D and E five types according to the characteristics of burning materials Type A: Burning of solid materials such as wood, cotton, linen, and paper that contains organic substances and produces hot ashes. Type B: Burning of liquids and melting solids such as Gasoline, kerosene, asphalt and paraffin.6.1.1 火灾分类 Types of Fire hazards 火灾分类 Types of Fire hazards C类火灾：气体火灾。如煤气、液化气、甲烷、乙炔等 D类火灾：金属火灾。如钾、纳、镁、锂等 E类火灾：指带电设备火灾 Type C: Burning of gases such as gas, liquefied petroleum gas,methane, acetylene etc. Type D: Burning of metal such as Potassium, sodium, magnesium, lithium etc. Type E: Burning of electrical equipment火灾发生次数最多、损失最为严重的当属建筑火灾However, the most common and devastating Fire hazards arebuilding fire. 火灾的巨大危害 Devastation of Fire hazards case1: Fire hazard of Dongdu commercial building In Luoyangtime ：2000年12月25日19时；地点：河南洛阳东都商厦；起火原因：违章电焊火花落入沙发起火；火灾损失：不详；火灾伤亡：造成309人死亡； case 2: Fire hazard of friendship hotel in Kelamayi Xinjiang火灾时间：1994年12月8日16时；发生地点：新疆克拉玛依友谊馆；起火原因：电线短路引燃舞台幕布起火；火灾损失：不详；火灾伤亡：造成325人死亡(其中288人是8－14周岁中小学生)；Case 3: fire in Petrochemical Plant in Lanzhou发生时间： 2010年1月7日；发生地点：中石油兰州石化303厂；起火原因：原料罐区石油罐发生闪爆；火灾伤亡：造成6人死亡，五人失踪6.1.2 Characteri