大学思辨英语教程精读3U4答案4975.pdfVIP

Unit 4 Organization and Institution Unit Overview This unit discusses the relationships between individuals and organizations/institutions. As individuals we are all bound by organizations or general, an organization may be more loosely understood as the planned, coordinated and purposeful action of human beings working through collective action organization into planned formal and unplanned informal (i.e. spontaneously formed) organizations, andanalysesorganizationsin the first line from an institutional elements and their actions are determined by rules so that a certain task can be fulfilled through a system of coordinated division of labor. Text A In “The Pathology of Imprisonment”, Philip G. Zimbardo’s prison experiment at Stanford University reveals how powerful or powerless individuals can be when assigned roles in an institutionsuch as a prison. Itdiscussesthe phenomenon of “institutionalization”we are used to but not consciously aware. Zimbardo also mentions the other similar experiment by another social psychologist Stanley Milgram or organizational pressure). Text B services.As structures and mechanisms of social order, institutions are a principal object of study in social sciences such associology (Émile Durkheimeven regards sociology as the science of institutions, their genesis and their functioning). Teaching objectives This unit is designed to help students develop their reading skills, communicative competence, critical thinking, interculturalreflection and abilities in autonomous learning in the following aspects. Reading skills: Understand words and expressions in context Relate new information to old information Define the key concepts in the text Communicative competence: Use idiomatic expressions Summarize others’ points Be able to use language with accuracy, clarity and discernment Critical thinking: Distinguish between opinions and facts Explore implications and consequences of inst