线性代数教学资料-cha.pptxVIP

Introduction toLinear Algebra;Organization;1 Matrices and systems of linear equations;Overview;Core sections;1.1 Introduction To Matrices And Systems Of Linear Equations;Example1: Which of the following equations are linear?;An (m?n) system of linear equations is a set of equations of the form:;1. Geometric interpretations of solution sets;(2) (2?3) system of linear equations.;(3) (3?3) system of linear equations.;Remark: An (m?n) system of linear equations has either infinitely many solutions, no solution, or a unique solution. In general, a system of equations is called consistent if it has at least one solution, and the system is called inconsistent if it has no solution.;2. Matrices ;More generally, an (m?n) matrix is a rectangular array of numbers of the form;3. Matrix representation of a linear system;The augmented matrix（增广矩阵） for the system is a [m?(n+1)] matrix B which is usually denoted as [A|b], where A is the coefficient matrix and b=[b1 b2 …bm]T.;4. Elementary operations(初等变换）;Elementary Operations: Interchange two equations. Multiply an equation by a nonzero scalar. Add a constant multiple of one equation to another.;Theorem 1.1.1: If one of the elementary operations is applied to a system of linear equations then the resulting system is equivalent to the original system.;Solution: The elementary operation E2+E1 produces the following equivalent system:;5. Row Operations:;Notation;1. Form the augmented matrix B for the system.;Example3: ;第25页，共99页。;第26页，共99页。;Corollary: Suppose [A|b] and [C|d] are augmented matrices, each representing a different (m?n) system of linear equations. If [A|b] and [C|d] are row equivalent matrices, then the two systems are also equivalent.;1.2 Echelon form and Gauss-Jordan elimination;1. Echelon Form（阶梯形 a staircase-like pattern）;Definition 1.2.2: A matrix that is in echelon form is in reduced echelon form provided that the first nonzero entry in any row is the only nonzero entry in its column.;第31页，共99页。;2. Solvi