建筑专业英语.pdfVIP

1. Fluid motion can usually be described by one of several simplified modes of action or models. 流体的运动通常可以用几个简化的模型之一加以描述 2. The simplest is the ideal-fluid model, which assumes no resistance to shearing. 最简化的就是理想流体模型，它假设对切应力没有阻 3. Ideal flow analysis is well developed, and when properly interpreted is valid for a wide range of applications. 理想流体得到了很好的发展，当加以很好的解释和界定，在很大的应用范围内是有效的 4. Most fluids in HVAC applications can be treated as Newtonian, where the rate of deformation is directly proportional to the shearing stress. 暖通空调所应用的流体可以被看作牛顿流体，变形率与切应力成正比 5. Viscosity is the resistance of adjacent fluid layers to shear. For shearing between two parallel plates, each of area A separated by distance , the tangential force F per unit area required to slide one plate with velocity V parallel to the other is proportional to V/ . 黏度是相邻的流体层对切应力的阻力，对于两块平行平板之间的切力来说，它们的面积为A ， 间距为 ，单位面积上的切线拉 F 要想让一块平板以速度v 与另一块平板平行滑动 6. For gases (except near the critical point), viscosity increases with the square root of the absolute temperature, as predicted by kinetic theory. Liquid viscosity decreases with increasing temperature. 对于气体，除近临界之外，黏度随着绝对温度的平方根的增加而增大的，正如动量定理所预 测的那样 7. Pressure variation in fluid flow is important and can be easily measured. Variation across streamlines involves fluid rotation (vorticity). 压力的变化在流体流动中是很重要的,可以很容易的测量。流线横向变化涉及到流体旋转（涡 流） 8. This relation explains the pressure difference found between the inside and outside walls of a bend and near other regions of conduit section change. It also states that pressure variation is hydrostatic across any conduit where streamlines are parallel. 这个关系式就解释了一个弯头内外壁之间以及在靠近管道截面区域变化的一种压力差。在流 线相互平行的管道截面上的压力变化是呈流体静力学分布的 9. The first law of thermodynamics can be applied to mechanical flow energies (kinetic and potential) and thermal energies: heat is a form of energy and energy is conserved. 热力学第一定律可应用于机械流能量(动