中国古代建筑 英语.pdfVIP

中国古代建筑 英语 －－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－ 1、There are three types of ancient Chinese architecture：Commoner、Imperial、Religious Imperial[edit] The houses of commoners, be they bureaucrats, merchants or farmers, tended to follow a set pattern: the center of the building would be a shrine for the deities and the ancestors, which would also be used during festivities. On its two sides were bedrooms for the elders; the two wings of the building (known as guardian dragons by the Chinese) were for the junior members of the family, as well as the living room, the dining room, and the kitchen, although sometimes the living room could be very close to the center. Sometimes the extended families became so large that one or even two extra pairs of wings had to be built. This resulted in a U-shaped building, with a courtyard suitable for farm work. Merchants and bureaucrats, however, preferred to close off the front with an imposing front gate. All buildings were legally regulated, and the law held that the number of stories, the length of the building and the colours used depended on the owners class. Some commoners living in areas plagued by bandits built communal fortresses called Tulou for protection. 平民的房子，无论是官僚、商人还是农民，都倾向于遵循一套固定的模式:建筑的中心将是 神灵和祖先的圣地，也将在庆典期间使用。在它的两边是老人的卧室;这座建筑的两翼(被中 国人称为“守护龙”)是为家庭的初级成员，也包括客厅、餐厅和厨房，尽管有时客厅可能离 中心很近。 有时，大家庭变得如此之大，必须建立一个甚至两对“翅膀” 。这导致了一个u 型建筑，一个 适合农场工作的院子。然而，商人和官僚们更喜欢在前面的大门上关门。所有的建筑都受到 法律的管制，法律认为故事的数量，建筑的长度和使用的颜色取决于主人的阶级。一些平民 居住在被强盗所困扰的地区，他们建造了一种叫做土楼的公共堡垒，以保护他们。 2、The Great Wal l of China is a series of fortifications made of stone, brick, tamped earth, wood, and other materials, generally built along an east-to-west line across the historical northern borders of China to protect the Chinese states and empires against the raids and invasions of the various nomadic groups of the Eurasian Steppe. Several walls were being bu