2023年说明类语篇的特征及攻略备战中考英语一轮复习语法知识+语篇能力双清(通用版).pdfVIP

高考材料 备战 2023 年中考英语一轮复习语法知识+语篇能力双清(通用版) 说明类语篇的特征及解答攻略 1 考点复习 说明文是对事物或事理进行客观说明的一种文体，它以说明为主要表达方法，通过解说事物或说明事 理，到达教人以知识的目的，在结构上往往采纳总分、递进等方法按肯定的顺序〔如时间、空间、从现象 到本质〕进行说明。 说明文的特点是客观、简练、言语精确、明了，文章很少表达作者的感情倾向。阅读说明文的重点在 于读懂它说明的事物或事理，了解事物的性质、构造、成因、功能等，了解事理的含意、特点等。最近五 年，说明文的出现变化不大，一直很稳定，选材通常是各学科的前沿问题；高科技领域的科研成果；人们 比拟关怀的社会问题；人文方面的经典。由于阅读理解题的设置采纳渐进式，即由简到难的方法，因此说 明文是中考卷子中阅读理解题中相比照拟难的，通常后置。阅读理解真题的中要考点之一是考查学生对词 汇和句式的掌握。 说明文的词汇和句式的运用较别的体裁的文章难度更大。词汇运用灵敏，同一词的不同词性的用法交 替出现，未列入考纲的生词较多，通常到达了 4-5% 。不过考生可以通过说明文的言语特点来援助理解语 篇，例如，下定义、解释、举例、同义词、反义词、上下义词以及标点符号〔如破折号、冒号都有表示解 释和说明〕等。 一、说明文的行文特征 写说明文可以按时间、空间、结构、逻辑顺序来写，也可以采取举例、比拟、比照、分类、分析、说 明、表达等方法。 1.比拟对比 比拟对比有两种，一是逐点比拟，二是整块比拟，即AB 交错或先 A 后 B ： 〔1〕逐点比拟 多数人认为这种 AB 交错的方法可以防止行文的单调沉闷，比照的效果更鲜亮突出。如： There are basic differences between large and small enterprises. In a small enterprise, you operated mainly through personal contacts. In a large enterprise, you have established “policies〞 , “channels〞 of organization, and fairly strict procedure. In the small enterprise you have immediate effectiveness in a very small area. You can see the effect of your work and of your decisions ground. In the large organization you are normally taught one 高考材料 高考材料 thing thoroughly. In the small one the danger is of becoming a Jack-of-all-trades-but-master-of-none. In the large it is of becoming the man who knows more and more about less and less. 〔2 〕 整块比拟 It is easy to be a winner. A winner can show his joy publicly. He can laugh and sing and dance and celebrate his victory. People love to be with winners. Winners are never lonely. Unlike winners, losers are the lonely ones of the world. It is difficult to face defeat with dignity. Losers can not show their disappointment publicly. They can not cry or grieve about their defeat. They may suffer priva