二零二三年 优质公开课EnzymesHowtheyworkandwhattheydo2.pptxVIP

生物技术及应用专业教学资源库English For Biotechnology专业英语 Chapter 3 Enzyme EngineeringUnit 3  Enzymes: How they work and what they do Enzymes: How they work and what they doEnzymes can only work in certain conditions. Most enzymes in the human body work best at around 37°C – body temperature. At lower temperatures, they will still work but much more slowly.最佳条件酶只能在某些条件下起作用。人体内的大多数酶在37°C左右——体温下工作得最好。在较低的温度下，它们仍能工作，但速度要慢得多。The perfect conditions Enzymes: How they work and what they doSimilarly, enzymes can only function in a certain pH range (acidic/alkaline). Their preference depends on where they are found in the body. For instance, enzymes in the intestines work best at 7.5 pH, whereas enzymes in the stomach work best at pH 2 because the stomach is much more acidic.同样，酶只能在一定的pH范围内发挥作用。最佳条件取决于它们在体内的位置。例如，肠道中的酶在pH值为7.5时效果最好，而胃中的酶在pH值为2时效果最好，因为胃的酸性更强。The perfect conditions Enzymes: How they work and what they doIf the temperature is too high or if the environment is too acidic or alkaline, the enzyme changes shape; this alters the shape of the active site so that substrates cannot bind to it – the enzyme has become?denatured.如果温度太高或环境太酸性或碱性，酶会改变形状；这会改变活性部位的形状，使底物无法与之结合——酶已变性。The perfect conditions Enzymes: How they work and what they doSome enzymes cannot function unless they have a specific non-protein molecule attached to them. These are called cofactors. For instance, carbonic anhydrase, an enzyme that helps maintain the pH of the body, cannot function unless it is attached to a zinc ion.辅因子有些酶不能发挥作用，除非它们有一个特定的非蛋白质分子连接到他们。这些被称为辅助因子。例如，碳酸酐酶，一种有助于维持人体pH值的酶，除非与锌离子结合，否则不能发挥作用。Cofactors Enzymes: How they work and what they doMany enzymes are simple proteins consisting entirely of one or more amino acid chains. Other enzymes contain a nonprotein component called a cofactor that is necessary for the enzyme’s proper functioning. This cofactor is usually weakly bonded to the polypeptide chains through intermolecular interactions.许多酶是完全由一个或多个氨基酸链组成的简单蛋白质。其他酶含有一种称为辅助因子的非蛋白成分，它是酶正常运转