第二语言习得概论-考研复习.docx

★1. SLA (Second language acquisition) is the process by which a language other than the mother tongue is learnt in a natural setting or in a classroom. ★2. Acquisition vs. Learning (Krashen1982) Acquisition Acquisition Learning implicit, subconscious explicit, conscious informal situations formal situations uses grammatical 'feel' uses grammatical rules depends on attitude depends on aptitude stable order of acquisition simple to complex order of learning Acquisition refers to the learning of a language unconsciously under natural settings where learners pay attention only to the meanings or contents rather than forms or grammars. Learning refers to the learning of a language consciously under educational settings where learners mainly pay attention to forms or grammars. Factors affecting SLA Social factors (external factors) Learner factors (internal factors) Social factors (external factors) Social context Language policy and the attitude of the public sector; Social demand With the trend of globalization of the world economy , it is widely accepted among educators and national leaders that proficiency in another language is an indispensable quality of educated people Learner factors (internal factors) Motivation ，Age ，Learning strategy Behaviorist learning theory Behaviorist learning theory is a general theory of learning . it applies to all kinds of learning, not just language learning). It views learning as the formation of habits. The association of a particular response with a particular stimulus constituted a habit. It is formed when a particular stimulus became regularly linked with a particular response. When applied to SLA, the process of second language acquisition is regarded as a process of habit formation. The causes of errors according to behaviorism Differences between the first and second language create learning difficulty which results in errors. Behaviorist learning theory predicts that transfer will take place from the first to the second la