量子力学学习课件第一章英文版.pptxVIP

CHAPTER IThe Wave Function1.1 The Schr?dinger Equation 11.2 The Statistical Interpretation 21.3 Probability 51.4 Normalization 121.5 Momentum 151.6 The Uncertain Principle 18Further Problems 1.1 The Schr?dinger EquationThe Schr?dinger wave equation in its time-dependent form for a particle of energy E moving in a potential V in one dimension isThe extension into three dimensions is where is an imaginary number. 1.2 The Statistical Interpretation The wave function determines the likelihood (or probability) of finding a particle at a particular position in space at a given time.The total probability of finding the electron is 1. Forcing this condition on the wave function is called normalization. Bohr’s interpretation of the wave function consisted of 3 principles:The uncertainty principle of HeisenbergThe complementarity principle of BohrThe statistical interpretation of Born, based on probabilities determined by the wave functionTogether these three concepts form a logical interpretation of the physical meaning of quantum theory. According to the Copenhagen interpretation, physics depends on the outcomes of measurement. This is The Copenhagen Interpretation The statistical interpretation introduces a indeterminacy into quantum mechanicsIt is a fact of nature? If you say “yes”, then quantum mechanics is worldview.It is a defect in the theory? If you say “yes”, then quantum mechanics is methodology. Question: I do measure the position of the particle, and find it to be at point A. Then where was the particle just before I made measurement?The realist position: Einstein, QM theory is incomplete. The orthodox position: Bohr, Copenhagen interpretation.The agnostic position: It is silly to answer this question! ordinary: wave function evolves in a leisurely fashion measurements: wave function suddenly collapsesThree Positions of ParticleHow about if I made a second measurement immediately after first one? John Bell 1964:Gave an obse