主动语态和被动语态的转换.docVIP

第58天　主动语态和被动语态的转换 [学习要点] 主、被动语态转换时的各种结构。 [家教点窍] ? 一、动词后面只有一个宾语，把此宾语改成主语即可。 二、动词带有直接宾语和间接宾语，通常可任意取其中一个作为主语而保留另一个宾语。 三、动词带有复合宾语，通常把宾语转换为主语，保留宾语补语。 四、短语动词在语态转换时，不能把短语分开。 五、若要强调动作的执行者，在句尾用by+动作承受者（宾格）。 [典型例题] ? 例1　把下面的句子改成被动语态。 ? ? ? ? ? Father bought me a new bike last month. 评析　me是间接宾语，bike是直接宾语。若把直接宾语转换成主语，此时须在被保留的间接宾语之前加适当的介词。如动词为give、bring、leave、lend、teach等，通常加介词to，如动词为make、buy等，则用介词for。若把间接宾语转换成主语，则保留直接宾语。答案：I was bought a new bike(by father) last month. 或A new bike was bought to me(by father)last month。 例2　把下面的句子改成被动语态。 ? ? ? I found the map stolen this morning. 评析　宾语为复合宾语，动作承受者the map转换成主语，保留宾语补语stolen。可作宾语补语的还有不定式、形容词和名词等。答案：The map was found stolen this morning. 例3　选择填空。 ? 　The boy was seen? ? ? ? ? from the tree. ? ? ? (A)fall? ? ? (B)to fall? ? ? (C)fell? ? ? ? (D)fallen 评析　在主动语态中省to的不定式在被动语态中不能省to，用于这一结构的动词有see, hear, make, have, feel等。答案选（B）。 例4　把下面的句子改成被动语态。 ? ? ? He must pay attention to the blackboard. 评析　短语动词作谓语动词，在转换过程中不能略掉介词和副词，动作执行者要用by+宾格。答案：The blackboard must be paid attention to by him. [强化训练] ? 一、把下面的句子改成被动语态。 1.She is writing the letter. 2.They had got the key before he came in. 3.Mother asked me to return that book. 4.People say that Tom is a good boy. 5.They were building a large factory at that time. 6.Tom often shows my mother a lot of photos. 7.They make little Tom walk up and down every day. 8.He will invitee you to the dinner, too. 二、用动词的适当形式填空。 1.The city? ? ? already? ? ? (develop) into an beautiful city, when I visit it last year. 2. Keep away from the walls, children. They? ? ? (paint)now. 3.All the visitors? ? ? ? (invite)to the party yesterday. 4.The girl? ? ? never? ? ? ? ? ? (beat)at tennis since 1991. 5.Did you find the person and he? ? ? ? ? (steal) your camera? 6.All of us know that good medicine? ? ? (taste)bitter(苦). 7.I’m used to? ? ? ? (live)in this small room. 8.Even if I? ? ? ? ? (invite), I won’t go to the party at Tom’s home. 9.he told us that he? ? ? ? (join)the Party in 1954. 10.It? ? ? ? (rain)hard when we got to t