初高中英语衔接课.pdf

初初⾼⾼中中英英语语衔衔接接课课 Good beginning is half done ! 初⾼中英语衔接课：弄懂基本概念, 了解句⼦基本句⼦结构 句⼦成分；简单句、并列句和复 句 ⼀、句⼦成分 ◆◆◆句⼦成分的定义：构成句⼦的各个部分叫做句⼦成分。句⼦成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要 成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补⾜语和同位语。 ◆◆◆：句⼦成分： ☆☆☆： （⼀）主语：主语是⼀个句⼦所叙述的主体，⼀般位于句⾸。但在there be 结构、疑问句 （当主语不疑问词时）和倒 装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后⾯。例如： 划出下列句⼦中的主语: During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. （名词）We often spea English in class. （代词） One-third of the students in this class are girls. （数词） To sw im in the river is a great pleasure. （不定式） Smo ing does harm to the health. （动名词） The rich should help the poor. （名词化的形容词） When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. （主语从句） It is necessary to master a foreign language. （it作形式主语，真正的主语为后⾯的不定式） 总结：主语通常可由什么充当: ______ ; _______ ; ________ ; ________ ; __________ ; _________ ; __________ ; ___________ . ☆☆☆： （⼆）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，⼀般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如 下：划出句⼦中的谓语部分: 1、简单谓语：由⼀个动词或动词短语构成。 如：He practices running every morning. 2、复 谓语： （1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。 如：You may eep the boo for two wee s. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系动词加表语构成。如：We are students. We appreciate w hat you have done for us. Time and tide wait for no man. Mr. Brow n is an excellent engineer. The situation seems quite normal in my opinion. She has been studying English for scores of years. We should be modest and honest. 可见谓语是由________ 构成. 或_________ 构成. ☆☆☆ （三）表语：表语⽤以说明主语的⾝份、特征和状态，它⼀般位于系动词 （如be, become, get, loo , grow , turn, seem 等）之后。表语⼀般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表⽰。 划出句中表语：例如： Our teacher of English is an American. （名词） Is it yours? （代词） The weather has turned cold. （形容词） The speech is exciting. （分词） Three times seven is twenty one? （数词） His job is to teach English. （不定式） His hobby （爱好）is playing football. （动名词） The machine must be out of order. （介词短语） Time is up. The class is over. （副词） The truth is that he has never been abroad. （表语从句） 可见表语是由______ ; _________ ; ____