新加坡国际事务研究所-2023年雾霾展望报告（英）-2023.6.pdf

June 2023 Contents 1. Foreword 1 2. Executive Summary 3 3. What to Watch in 2023 6 3.1 Weather: Hot and Dry Weather Expected 6 3.2 Policies: Strong Sustainability Commitments in Place 8 3.3 Markets: High Prices and Deforestation Risk 12 4. Sustainable Business and Investment Opportunities 17 5. Conclusion 18 Appendix: Literature Review 19 References and Endnotes 20 About the Haze Outlook 2023 The Haze Outlook 2023 report provides a risk assessment of the probability of a severe transboundary haze incident affecting Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore for the year ahead. This is based on research conducted by the Singapore Institute of International Affairs (SIIA), a leading think tank in the region. Our research takes into account quantitative information about weather and other key variables and also assesses policies by governments and corporations. These assessments are based on the SIIA’s engagement with sustainability stakeholders in the region, including government bodies, businesses, NGOs, and academics. This is the 5th edition of the Haze Outlook, and it has emerged as a leading report on this important issue. The Haze Outlook 2023 was di