《高分子流变学》PPT课件.ppt

I.1 Shear Thinning/ThickeningDilatants(Shear thickening)Newtonian FluidsPseudoplastics(Shear thinning)Dilatants(Shear thickening)Newtonian FluidsPseudoplastics(Shear thinning)?0 pleatau(a) Shear stress vs shear rate and (b) log viscosity vs log shear rate for Dilatants, Newtonian fluids and Pseudoplastics. For very high shear rates the pseudoplastic material reaches a second Newtonian pleatau. [Reproduced from G. M. Kavanagh and S. B. Ross-Murphy, “Rheological characterisation of polymer gels”, Prog. Polym. Sci., 23, 533 (1998).]实用文档 I.1 Shear Thinning/Thickening (cont.)Tube flow and “shear thinning”. In each part, the Newtonina behavior is shown on the left (N); the behavior of a polymer on the right (P). (a) A tiny sphere falls at the same rate through each; (b) the polymer flows out faster than the Newtonian fluid.[Reproduced from R. B. Bird, R. C. Armstrong and O. Hassager, Dynamics of Polymeric Liquids. Vol I: Fluid Mechanics, 2nd edition, Wiley-Interscience (1987), p. 61.][Retrieved from the video of Non-Newtonian Fluid Mechanics(University of Wales Institute of Non-Newtonian Fluid Mechanics,2000)]实用文档 I.2 Normal Stress Difference and ElasticityRod-ClimbingFixed cylinder with rotating rod. (N) The Newtonian liquid, glycerin, shows a vortex; (P) the polymer solution, polyacrylamide in glycerin, climbs the rod.[Reproduced from R. B. Bird, R. C. Armstrong and O. Hassager, Dynamics of Polymeric Liquids. Vol I: Fluid Mechanics, 2nd edition, Wiley-Interscience (1987), p. 63.][Retrieved from the video of Non-Newtonian Fluid Mechanics(University of Wales Institute of Non-Newtonian Fluid Mechanics,2000)]实用文档 I.2 Normal Stress Difference and Elasticity (cont.)Extrudate Swell (also called “die swell”)Behavior of fluid issuing from orifices. A stream of Newtonian fluid (N, silicone fluid) shows no diameter increase upon emergence from the capillary tube; a solution of 2.44 g of polymethylmethacrylate (Mn = 106 g/mol) in 100 cm3 of dimethylphthalate (P) shows an increase b