英语长、难句子翻译技巧指导.pdf

虚拟语气 (Subjunctive Mood) 虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，表示所说的 话不是一个事实，而只是一种假设，愿望，建议， 怀疑，猜测或不大可能实现的空想。 I.虚拟语气用在条件状语从句中 ・虚拟语气用在条件状语从句中，通常从句 由连词if引导,通常表达三种含义： • 1.与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句 • 2.与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句 ・ 3.与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句 ■ • 注意：在条件状语从句中，如果有were, should, had,可以把连词if省去，把 were, should, had提前放在句首，构成条件意义。 L与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句 条件状语从句： If +主语+动词过去式（be 的过去式用were） 主句：主语+ would/should/ could/ might+原形动词 E.g. If I feared death, I wouldnt be a communist. 怕死就不做共产党员。 If there were no air, we couldnt live. 如果没有空气，我们就不能 活。 L与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句 条件状语从句： If +主语+动词过去式（be 的过去式用were） 主句：主语+ would/should/ could/ might+原形动词 E.g. If I feared death, I wouldnt be a communist.怕 死就不做共产党员。 If there were no air, we couldnt live. 如果没有空气，我们就不能 活。 Exercise: I would as George to lend us the money if I _ him. A. had known B. knew C. have known D. know I___it to him if I thought he would understand. A. shall explain B. will explain C. would explain D. explain 2 .与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句 条件状语从句：If +主语+动词过去完成式 主句：主语 + would, should, could, might+have +过去分词 E.g. If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him. 如果你早来几分钟，你就会碰上他。 If there had been no air in the tube, the result of the experiment would have been more accurate. 如果试管中没有空气，实验结果就会更精确。 Exercise: If you hadnt gone with Tom to the party last night, A. you would meet John already B. you wont have missed John C. you will have met John D. you would have met John 3 .与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句 条件状语从句:If +主语+ should +原形动词， 或If +主语+ were+不定式+原形动词 主句:主语+would/should/could/might + 原形动词 E.g. If he were to come tomorrow, things would be easier.假如他明天会来，事情就容易办了。 If the sand should be broken up, it would give out much energy. 如果沙子能被分解，它会释放出大量的能量。 注：在表示与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句中，从 句中的should有时可以省略。 E.g. If he make the design, he might do it in some other way. 要是他来搞这个设计，他可能用