高中英语的语法知识点总结.pdf

丈夫志四方，有事先悬弧，焉能钧三江，终年守菰蒲。——《顾炎武》 高中英语的语法知识点总结 高中英语的语法知识点 一、被动语态的句型 1.常见句式是：主语(受动者)+be+过去分词+(by+施动者) 例如：He was scolded by the English teacher. 2.主语+get+过去分词+其它成分 例如：The boy got drowned last summer./ She got fired because of her faults. 注意：使用这种结构不能带有“by+施动者” 3.带有双宾语(直接宾语和间接宾语)的主动句变为动句，其主 语可以是直接宾语，也可以是间接宾语。 例如：?She lent me a bike. 被动：1)I was lent a bike(by her). 2)A bike was lent to me(by her). 4.情态动词+be+过去分词 例如：This problem must be worked out in half an hour. 5.双重被动式：主语+被动式谓语+不定式的被动式+其它成分 例如;These magazines are not allowed to be taken out of the reading-room./The murderer was ordered to be shot. 常将有日思无日，莫待无时思有时。——《增广贤文》 非淡泊无以明志，非宁静无以致远。——诸葛亮 二、主动表示被动的几种情况 1.不及物动词与状语连用，用以表示主语的品质和状态。常见 动词是：cut, sell, read, write, fill, cook, lock, wash, drive, keep 等。例如：This knife cuts well.这把刀好 切。These books sell well.这些书好卖。The pen writes smoothly.这支笔写起来流畅。Meat won’t keep long in such hot weather.肉在这样热的天气里放不长久。The cloth washes well.这种布好洗。 2.一些连系动词的主动式+形容词。常见动 look, smell, taste, sound, feel, prove, turn out 等。 例如：The apples taste good./The flower smells wonderful./The news proved/turned out true./Cotton feels soft. 注：prove 也可用于被动式，如：His answer(was) proved right. 3.不定式在某些形容词之后，且与主语有动宾关系。常见形容 词有：hard, difficult, easy, heavy, fit, good, fortable, convenient, impossible 等。例如：The problem is easy to do./The question is difficult to answer./The box is heavy to carry./The project is impossible to plete in a year.比较：The problem is to be done./The question is to be answered.没有形容词时， 虽然不定式与主语是动宾关系，但必须用被动式。 三、容易误用被动语态的几种情况： 1.I teach myself French.不可变为 Myself is taught French.因为反身代词不可