骨科及康复生物力学.pptxVIP

骨科及康复生物力学第1页/共39页 2骨科及復健生物力學第2页/共39页 3骨小樑結構第3页/共39页 4Wolff’s law˙Form follows function˙Bone has the ability to adapt, by changing its size, shape, and structure to the mechanical demands placed on it˙Bone is laid down where needed and resorbed where not needed˙The remodelling may be either external (a change in the external shape of the bone) or (a change in the porosity, mineral content, and density of bone) 第4页/共39页 5Structural Adaptation第5页/共39页 6生物力學巨觀 → 微觀形態 (Morphology)功能 (Function)巨觀力學 → 微觀力學第6页/共39页 7有限元素法σ = C εF = K xK：stiffness matrixViscoelastic model σ = μ dε／dtμ ：viscosity coefficient第7页/共39页 8緻密骨 (Cortical Bone)組成：osteon, collagen, calcified tissue成骨細胞 (osteoblaset)蝕骨細胞 (osteoclast)骨母細胞 (osteocyte)細胞力學 (Cell Mechanics)第8页/共39页 9海綿骨 (Cancellous Bone)材料 (material) 及結構觀點 (structure)材料性質：E結構性質：KTrussBarBeam第9页/共39页 10材料性質各向同性 (Isotropic) Only one E (K…)σ = E ε τ= G γ Shear modulus G = E / 2 (1+ν)AnisotropicStiffness matrixSize effect of Mechanical properties第10页/共39页 11力學力 (Force)變形 (Deformation)Principal strainStrain energy應力 (Stress)Principal stress第11页/共39页 12骨折癒合 (Fracture Healing)第12页/共39页 13骨折癒合 (Fracture Healing)第13页/共39页 14Biology of Fracture HealingThe fracture ( ~ 7 days after injury) The granulation tissue stage (~ two weeks) The callus (4 ~ 16 weeks) The remodeling process (1 ~ 4 years) The modeling stage (one or more years) The regional acceleratory phenomenon (RAP)第14页/共39页 15Bone RemodelingThe A – R – F sequenceA: ActivationR: ResorptionF: Formation 第15页/共39页 16Bone ModelingA-F or A-R第16页/共39页 17Mechanical AdaptationRemodeling : A-R-FModeling: A-F or A-R第17页/共39页 18骨折癒合 (Fracture Healing)第18页/共39页 19Concept of Interfragmentary Strain (ε)Perren Cordey ˙ The type of tissue at the fracture gap corresponds with the degree of strain˙ Fracture healing is accompanied by a successive decreases of interfragment motion˙ More suitable for gap or contact healing mechanism第19页/共39页 20骨折癒合 (Fracture Healing)ε: Interfragmentary str