0+2古特微生物群和结肠直肠癌发展：更近距离地观察腺瘤-癌序列.pdfVIP

biomedicines Review Gut Microbiota and Colorectal Cancer Development: A Closer Look to the Adenoma-Carcinoma Sequence Marco Vacante * , Roberto Ciuni, Francesco Basile and Antonio Biondi Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy; ciuni.r@ (R.C.); fbasile@unict.it (F.B.); abiondi@unict.it (A.B.) * Correspondence: marcovacante@yahoo.it Received: 26 October 2020; Accepted: 8 November 2020; Published: 10 November 2020 Abstract: There is wide evidence that CRC could be prevented by regular physical activity, keeping a healthy body weight, and following a healthy and balanced diet. Many sporadic CRCs develop via the traditional adenoma-carcinoma pathway, starting as premalignant lesions represented by conventional, tubular or tubulovillous adenomas. The gut bacteria play a crucial role in regulating the host metabolism and also contribute to preserve intestinal barrier function and an eective immune response against pathogen colonization. The microbiota composition is dierent among people, and is conditioned by many environmental factors, such as diet, chemical exposure, and the use of antibiotic or other medication. The gut microbiota could be directly involved in the development of colorectal adenomas and the subsequent progression to CRC. Specific gut bacteria, such as Fusobacterium nucleatum, Escherichia coli, and enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis, could be involved in colorectal carcinogenesis. Potential mechanisms of CRC progression may include DNA damage, promotion of chronic inflammation, and release of bioactive carcinogenic metabolites. The aim of this review was to summarize the current knowledge on the role of the gut microbiota in the development of CRC, and discuss