国际商务_预防医学_医药卫生_专业资料.pptVIP

国际商务_预防医学_医药卫生_专业资料 What Is GlobalizationGlobalization - the shift toward a more integrated and interdependent world economyThe world is moving away from self-contained national economies toward an interdependent, integrated global economic system What Is The Globalization of MarketsHistorically distinct and separate national markets are merging It no longer makes sense to talk about the “German market” or the “American market”Instead, there is the “global market”falling trade barriers make it easier to sell globallyconsumers’ tastes and preferences are converging on some global normfirms promote the trend by offering the same basic products worldwide What Is The Globalization of MarketsFirms of all sizes benefit and contribute to the globalization of markets97% of all U.S. exporters have less than 500 employees98% of all small and mid-sized German companies participate in international markets What Is The Globalization of ProductionFirms source goods and services from locations around the globe to capitalize on national differences in the cost and quality of factors of production like land, labor, energy, and capitalCompanies can lower their overall cost structure improve the quality or functionality of their product offering Why Do We Need Global InstitutionsGlobal institutionshelp manage, regulate, and police the global marketplacepromote the establishment of multinational treaties to govern the global business system Why Do We Need Global InstitutionsExamples includethe General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)the World Trade Organization (WTO)the International Monetary Fund (IMF)the World Bankthe United Nations (UN)the G20 What Do Global Institutions DoThe World Trade Organization (like its predecessor GATT) polices the world trading systemmakes sure that nation-states adhere to the rules laid down in trade treaties promotes lower barriers to trade and investment154 members in 2011 What Do Global Institutions DoThe International Monetary Fund (1944)m