贸易保护主义.pptxVIP

;Free Trade and protectionism;International trade;They also note that because the trends encouraging vertical specialization—lower trade barriers and improvements in transportation and communications technologies—are likely to continue, this type of international trade should become even more prevalent in the next century . But since trade protectionism grows, the nuts and bolts come apart. ;;;Trade barrier;Non-tariff barrier;An import license is a document issued by a national government authorizing the importation of certain goods into its territory. It is a way to discriminate against another countrys goods in order to protect a domestic industry from foreign competition . An export license grants permission to conduct a certain type of export transaction An import quota is a type of protectionist trade restriction that sets a physical limit on the quantity of a good that can be imported into a country in a given period of time. 1 Quotas, like other trade restrictions, are used to benefit the producers of a good in a domestic economy at the expense of all consumers of the good in that economy ;A subsidy is an assistance paid to a business or economic sector. Most subsidies are made by the government to producers or distributed as subventions in an industry to prevent the decline of that industry or an increase in the prices of its products or simply to encourage it to hire more labor.;A voluntary export restraint (VER) or voluntary export restriction is a government imposed limit on the quantity of goods that can be exported out of a country during a specified period of time . Typically VERs arise when the import-competing industries seek protection from a surge of imports from particular exporting countries. VERs are then offered by the exporter to appease the importing country and to deter the other party from imposing even more explicit (and less flexible) trade barriers ;Local Content Requirements;embargo;New trade protectionism;Since 1970s, western countr