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- 2023-08-08 发布于广东
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Cost-Volume-Profit Analysis成本-數量-利潤分析Chapter 3本章綱要成本-數量-利潤的假設與專有名詞CVP分析之本質損益兩平點使用CVP分析制定決策敏感性分析與不確定姓成本規劃與CVP銷售組合對淨利之影響服務業及非營利組織之CVP分析多重成本動因邊際貢獻與銷貨毛利Learning Objective 1Understand the assumptions underlying cost-volume-profit(CVP) analysis瞭解成本-數量-利潤分析之假設專有名詞1.收入(revenue )2.收入動因(revenue driver):影響收入的任何因素,如銷售單位。3.成本(cost)4.成本動因(cost driver):影響成本的任何因素,如生產單位。5.總成本=變動成本+固定成本6.營業利益=總收入-總成本7.淨利=營業利益-所得稅成本-數量-利潤的功用成本-數量-利潤關係可以用來探討當產出水準改變時,總收入、總成本 、及營業利益的習性,協助管理者解答相關問題。例如: 1.如果銷售單位增加,則成本與收入 影響? 2.如果提高(降低)售價,則結果為何? 3.如果拓展市場,則成本與收入的變 動為何? 成本-數量-利潤的假設Cost-Volume-Profit Assumptions1. Changes in the level of revenues and costs arise only because of changes in the number of product (or service) units produced and sold. 收入與成本只隨著生產和銷售的產品 (或服務)數量之改變而改變。成本-數量-利潤的假設 Cost-Volume-Profit Assumptions2. Total costs can be separated into two components :a fixed component that does not vary with output level and a variable component that changes with respect to output level. 總成本區分為不隨產出水準變動之固 定成本及會隨產出水準變動之變動成 本兩部分。成本-數量-利潤的假設 Cost-Volume-Profit Assumptions3. When graphed, the behavior of total revenues and total costs are linear (straight-line) in relation to output level within a relevant range(and time period). 當以圖形表達時,在攸關範圍內(及 在一定期間內),總收入及總成本與 產出單位之關係呈線性。成本-數量-利潤的假設 Cost-Volume-Profit Assumptions4. The unit selling price, unit variable costs, and fixed costs are known and constant. 單位售價、單位變動成本及固定成本 (在攸關範圍與期間內)為已知且保 持不變。成本-數量-利潤的假設 Cost-Volume-Profit Assumptions5. The analysis either covers a single product or assumes that the proportion of different products when multiple products are sold will remain constant as the level of total units sold changes. 此分析適用於單一產品,或假設當銷售 不同產品比例之多種產品時,總銷售數 量改變,而既定的銷售組合維持不變。成本-數量-利潤的假設 Cost-Volume-Profit Assumptions6. All revenues and costs can be added ,subtracted and compared without taking into account the time value of money. 所有收入與成本可以被加總及比較, 毋須考慮貨幣時間價值。Learning Objective 2Explain the featuresof CVP analysis解釋CVP分析之基本特徵邊際貢獻式損益表收入@售價$100,
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