曼昆微观经济学 第三章.pptxVIP

Interdependence and the Gains from TradeChapter 3Copyright ? 2001 by Harcourt, Inc.All rights reserved.?? Requests for permission to make copies of any part of thework should be mailed to:Permissions Department, Harcourt College Publishers,6277 Sea Harbor Drive, Orlando, Florida 32887-6777. Interdependence and Trade Consider your typical day:You wake up to an alarm clock made in Korea.You pour yourself some orange juice made from oranges grown in Florida.You put on some clothes made of cotton grown in Georgia and sewn in factories in Thailand.You watch the morning news broadcast from New York on your TV made in Japan.You drive to class in a car made of parts manufactured in a half-dozen different countries. …and you haven’t been up for more than two hours yet!Harcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright ? 2001 by Harcourt, Inc. Interdependence and TradeRemember, economics is the study of how societies produce and distribute goods in an attempt to satisfy the wants and needs of its members. How do we satisfy our wants and needs in a global economy?We can be economically self-sufficient.We can specialize and trade with others, leading to economic interdependence. Interdependence and TradeA general observation . . .Individuals and nations rely on specialized production and exchange as a way to address problems caused by scarcity. Why is interdependence the norm?Interdependence occurs because people are better off when they specialize and trade with others. Imagine . . .only two goods: potatoes and meatonly two people: a potato farmer and a cattle rancherA Parable for the Modern Economy The Production Opportunities of the Farmer and the RancherHarcourt, Inc. items and derived items copyright ? 2001 by Harcourt, Inc. Production Possibilities FrontiersPotatoes (ounces)Meat (ounces)328416(a) The Farmer’s Production Possibilities Frontier0AIf there is no trade,the farmer chooses this production and consumption Production Possibilities Frontie