Robert C Baker Head of Food Safety, Mars Incorporated罗伯特贝克头C的食品安全，玛氏公司.pptxVIP

Robert C. BakerHead of Food Safety, Mars Incorporated26 February 2009“Managing Aflatoxin Risks From Farm ToFork”4THDubai International Food Safety Conference Objectives2Provide basic awareness of Aflatoxin and potential risks in the Food ChainProvide a framework for managing Aflatoxin risksProvidea means of monitoringandverifyingthe effectiveness ofaflatoxinmanagement processesIn 30 minutes….. Agenda3?What are aflatoxins??At risk materials?Factors influencing aflatoxin production?Methods for managing aflatoxin risks?Methods of aflatoxin detection?Summary 4Mycotoxins Secondary fungal metabolites that exert toxic effects on animals and human beings. More than 300 secondary metabolites have been described but only thirty really exert toxic effects.The chemical structure of mycotoxin is very diversePolyacetates : aflatoxins, citrinine, ochratoxinspatulin, zearalenone, fumonisins,Terpenes : Peptides : Piperazines :trichothecenes (sesqui), tremorgenes, ergotamin (alcalo?des), tryptoquivaline,.. sporidesmin, gliotoxin, roquefortine,..Aflatoxin B1DeoxynivalenolFumonisin B1ZearalenoneOchratoxin A 5AflatoxinsFour aflatoxins (order of toxicity):B1 G1 B2 G2Other aflatoxins occur as metabolic products (e.g., aflatoxin M1 in milk)Highly toxicAflatoxins are among the most toxic naturally occurring substances known. Carcinogenic, hepatotoxic, mutagenic and teratogenicAll animal species affected by aflatoxins. Can be passed through food chain (e.g., milk of animals which are fed contaminated feed).Heat StableWithstand typical food processing temperaturesAflatoxin B1 Aflatoxin productionAflatoxin is produced by species of the fungus Aspergillus:Aspergillus flavusaw range: 0.80-0.99Temperature range: 10-43oCAspergillus parasiticusaw range: 0.83-0.99Temperature range: 10-43oCToxins can be produced over a wide temperature range: 15-37oC6 Aflatoxin associated alerts7?2007- Peanuts – Saudi Arabia?2006- Dog food – US (23 dog deaths)?2004- Maize – Kenya (125 deaths)?2004- Pa