统计学专业英语教程-全套PPT课件.pptxVIP

Unit 1 Statistics1.1 What is Statistics?1.1.1 Meanings of StatisticsPlural Sense: In plural sense, the word statistics refer to numerical facts and figures collected in a systematic manner with a definite purpose in any field of study. Singular Sense: In singular sense, it refers to the science comprising methods which are used in collection, analysis, interpretation and presentation of numerical data. These methods are used to draw conclusion about the population parameter.Plural of Word “Statistic”: The word statistics is used as the plural of the word “Statistic” which refers to a numerical quantity like mean, median, variance etc…, calculated from sample value. 1.1.2 Definition of StatisticsStatistics both in the singular and the plural sense has been combined in the following definition which is accepted as the modern definition of statistics.“statistics are the numerical statement of facts capable of analysis and interpretation and the science of statistics is the study of the principles and the methods applied in collecting, presenting, analysis and interpreting the numerical data in any field of inquiry.” 1.1.3 Types of StatisticsThe field of statistics can be roughly subdivided into two areas: descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. “Descriptive statistics” is what most people think of when they hear the word statistics. It includes the collection, presentation, and description of sample data. The term “inferential statistics” refers to the descriptive techniques and making decision and drawing conclusions about the population. 1.1.4 Applications of Statistics 1.2 The language of Statistics1.2.1 Population and SampleThe population is the complete collection of individual or objects are of interest to the sample collector. The population of concern must be carefully defined and is considered fully defined only when its membership list of elements is specified. The set of “all students who have ever attended a U. S. college” is an example of