翻译（英文版）完整版.pptVIP

Translation ASSESSMENT CRITERIA: Translation is the conversion of the information in the nucleic acid sequence to polypeptides of a specific amino acid sequence. DNA1957年transcriptionRNAtranslationProtein1970年ReversetranscriptionCentral dogma 2023/8/29SXMU5Section 1 protein synthesis system Section 2 protein synthesis processSection 3 posttranslational processing and targetingSection 4 protein synthesis in medicine Section 1 Protein synthesis system 1.3 Ribosomes are the workbenches for protein synthesis 1.1 genetic code defines the relationship between the base sequence of mRNA and the AA sequence of polypeptide1.4 protein factors are required in protein synthesis 1.2 tRNA is the adaptor molecule in protein synthesisSection 1 Protein synthesis system mRNA: template for protein synthesismRNA carries information from DNA in a triple codon 1.1 Genetic code defines the relationship between the base sequence of mRNA and the AA sequence of polypeptide 4 nucleotides taken 1 at a time could specified only 4 different amino acid. Two nucleotides taken at a time would permit only 42 or 16 amino acids to be specified; Any 3 adjacent nucleotides create 64 possible codon (43), a number more than enough to specify 20 different amino acids。1954年, G. Gamov 对破译密码首先提出了设想 Features of genetic codons Stop codon UAA UAG UGA Start codon AUG Met UGG Trp 18 amino acids have more than one codon, called synonymous codons (同义密码子). Generally they differ only in their third position.In all cases, if the third position is pyrimidine, the codons specify the same AA. In most cases, if the third position is a purine, the codons are also synonymous. 1.Colinear 2.Commaless 3.Fuctional codon 4.Unambiguous Each codon specifies one and only one amino acid 5.Degeneracy 6. Universal 7. Wobble 1.2 t RNA is the adaptor molecule