2023新加坡数学竞赛SMO（含答案）Senior组第二轮.pdfVIP

SMO Senior 2023 Rd.2 1. Let 戆错暗戆俄胺 be a square, 戆 be a point on the side 戆讽岸, 戆 and 戆 be the feet of the altitudes from 戆 to 戆错案 and from 戆 to 戆淀案, respectively. Suppose 戆讽肮 and 戆俄昂 intersect at 戆? Prove that 鈭犿按戆豁暗 = 90掳. Solution: Let 戆错岸, 戆淀胺 intersect at 肀? Since 戆错暗戆俄胺 is a square, 鈭犿按肀傢暗 = 90掳. Hence 戆? 戆? 肀? 戆? 戆 lie on the circle with diameter 戆错暗 . Note that 鈭犿案戆鬼眰 = 鈭犿眰戆淀按 = 45掳 = 鈭犿案戆讽眰, so 戆? 戆? 肀? 戆 are concyclic. Similarly, 鈭犿案戆喉眰 = 鈭犿眰戆错暗 = 45掳 = 鈭犿案戆俄眰, so 戆? 戆? 肀? 戆 are concyclic. Thus 鈭犿肮肀傢昂 = 360掳 鈭 鈭犿案肀傢肮 鈭 鈭犿案肀傢昂 = (180掳 鈭 鈭犿案肀傢肮) + (180掳 鈭 鈭犿案肀傢昂) = 鈭犿案戆讽肮 + 鈭犿案戆俄昂 = 180掳 鈭 鈭犿肮戆豁昂, so 戆? 肀? 戆? 戆 are concyclic. This implies 戆 also lies on the circle with diameter 戆错暗, so 鈭犿按戆豁暗 = 90掳. Remarks: 1) One might note that 肀 is a Miquel Point in 鈭嗧盎戆俄胺 after finding the two cyclic quadrilaterals 戆讽案肀傢肮 and 戆疙岸肀傢昂 . 2) Coordinate Geometry is also rather suitable for this problem, since 戆错暗戆俄胺 is a square. Solutions by Way Tan 2. Find all positive integers 肀 such that there exist positive integers 肀? 肀 such that 2 ( 2 ) 2 肀 + 4 = 肀 鈭 4 肀 . Solution: We claim that only 肀 = 3 works. It is clear that for 肀 = 3, 肀 = 肀 = 1 will satisfy the equation. 2 ( 2 ) 2 2 2 Since 肀 肀 鈭 4 肀 肀 肀 , let 肀 = 肀橅睆 鈭 肀 where 肀 is a positive integer. Then substituting and simplifying, we get 4肀? + 4 + 肀? 肀 = 2肀忢睈 Clearly, this implies 肀 is even. So letting 肀 = 2肀? we get: 肀? + 肀 2 + 1 肀 = .