南京大学考博英语历年真题及详解.pdf

2015年南京大学考博英语真题及详解 Part I Vocabulary and Structure (20%) Directio
: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D respectively. Choose the ONE that best complete the sentences. Then blacken your a
wer in the corresponding letter on your A
wer Sheet with a single line through the center. 1 The ambassador was accused of having _____ on domestic affai
. A. trespassed B. encroached C. entrenched D. invaded 【答案】A查看答案 【解析】句意：大使被指控干涉国内事务。该题为近义词辨析，选项中的四个词均有侵犯的意思。trespass为不及物动词，一般与介词on搭配使用，意思为“擅自进入；侵犯，侵害；打扰”，强调非法侵入，符合题意。encroach意思为“蚕食；侵占”，强调侵入并占领。entrench意思为“用壕沟围绕或保护…；牢固地确立…”，强调在某处站稳脚跟。invade一般用作及物动词，指“侵入，攻占；侵袭”。 2 The goal is to use crops, weeds, and even animal waste _____ the petroleum that fuels much of American manufacturing. A. in terms of B. in favor of C. in spite of D. in place of 【答案】D查看答案 【解析】句意：目标是使用农作物、杂草甚至动物粪便来代替石油为美国制造业提供能源。in place of“代替，取代”，符合题意。 3 As computer security systems become even more advanced,_____ the methods of those who try to break into them illegally. A. so much do B. so too do C. as much as D. as well as 【答案】B查看答案 【解析】句意：电脑安全系统更加先进，而非法入侵电脑安全系统的方法也变得更加先进了。本题考察“so+助动词+主语”的结构，表示“……也是如此”。too为副词，表示“也”。 4 Parents with only one child tend to have higher academic _____ for their child. A. ambitio
　 B. intentio
　 C. propositio
　 D. aspiratio
【答案】D查看答案 【解析】句意：独生子女的父母对孩子的学术期望更高。ambition野心，抱负；追求的目标。aspiration强烈的愿望，渴望。两者相比，aspiration能够表达父母对孩子的期望，因此D项更加符合题意。 5 A series of attempts _____ made, he came to realize that he had underestimated the enormity of the task. A. were B. to be C. had been D. having been 【答案】D查看答案 【解析】句意：在做了一系列的尝试以后，他开始意识到他低估了任务的艰巨性。本句中逗号后面的句子结构完整，可知逗号前面的句子成分应该为句子的状语，因此排除A项和C项。做出尝试发生在意识到任务的艰巨性之前，因此选D项。 6 Manufacturing is Chinas most important economic activity, _____ over 30 percent of the workforce. A. including B. engaging C. approximating D. accounting 【答案】B查看答案 【解析】句意：制造业是中国最重要的经济活动，雇佣了超过30%的劳动力。engage“聘用，雇佣”，符合题意。account作及物动词，意思为“认为，把……视作”。account for